how many jewish people died in the holocausthow many jewish people died in the holocaust

According to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (USHMM), the Holocaust was "the systematic, bureaucratic, state-sponsored persecution and murder of six million Jewish men, women and children by the Nazi regime and its collaborators". Because of the vast numbers of Jews murdered, no one is absolutely sure how many died in each camp, but there are good estimates of deaths by the camp. If they're included in those numbers how many of the six million that died in the Holocaust were truly "Jewish". The Columbia guide to the Holocaust By Donald L. Niewyk. In 1943, the Germans had established a weather station in what is now Canada's Newfoundland and Labrador province. 100 Raoul Wallenberg Place, SW Greece, Yugoslavia, Hungary, Lithuania, Bohemia, the Netherlands, Slovakia and Latvia lost over 70 percent of their Jewish populations; in Belgium, Romania, Luxembourg, Norway, and Estonia, the figure was about 50 percent. Between 1941 and 1945, approximately three million Ukrainian and other gentiles were murdered as part of Nazi extermination policies in present-day Ukraine. The SS and police conducted mass actions against civilians with alleged links to resistance movements, their families, and villages or city districts. "[99], In Polish areas annexed by Nazi Germany, severe persecution began. To republish, copy the HTML by clicking on the yellow button to the right; it includes our tracking pixel, all paragraph styles and hyperlinks, the author byline and credit to the Forward. The aim with The Light in the Darkness is to show the hopeless fate so many European Jews faced as the Nazis began systematically eradicating them from the continent. Only a quarter were able to answer all four questions correctly. A unique tribute to his decades of research is now on display in the Trible Library. "Social deviants"prostitutes, vagrants, alcoholics, drug addicts, open dissidents, pacifists, draft resisters and common criminalswere also imprisoned in concentration camps. African (black) residents of Germany and black prisoners of war, such as French colonial troops and African Americans, were also victims of Nazi racial policy. The political People's Court was notorious for the number of its death sentences. Non-Aryan ministers were suspended and church members called themselves German Christians, with "the swastika on their chest and the cross in their heart. Intelligentsia, socially prominent, and influential people were primarily targeted, although ethnic Poles and other Slavic groups were also killed en masse. Our schools are failing. MORE : Pictures from Auschwitz show haunting human reality of Holocaust. Jewish population in 1937: approximately 200Deaths: unknown, Jewish population of Austria in 1938: 185,026 Deaths: 65,459, Jewish population of Belgium in 1939: 90,000 Deaths: 24,387, Jewish population of Bulgaria in 1937: 50,000Deaths: unknown, Jewish population of Czechoslovakia in 1921: 354,000 Deaths: 260,000, SudetenlandJewish population in 1939: 2,363Deaths: at least 360, Bohemia-Moravia Jewish population in 1930: 117,551Deaths: 77,297, SlovakiaJewish population in 1940: 88,951 Deaths: approximately 60,000, Hungarian-occupied Southern Slovakia and Subcarpathian Rus Jewish population in 1939: 142,000148,000Deaths: 114,000120,000, Jewish population of Denmark in 1937: 7,500Deaths: 52116, Jewish population of Estonia in 1937: 4,500Deaths: 963, Jewish population of France in 1937: 300,000330,000Deaths: 72,90074,000, Jewish population of Germany in 1939: 237,723 Deaths: 165,200, Jewish population of Greece in 1941: 71,611Deaths: 58,80065,000, Jewish population of Hungary in 1937: 490,621Deaths: 297,621, Hungary (borders of 1941) Jewish population: 825,007 Deaths: 564,507, Jewish population of Italy in 1938: 58,412 Jewish population in German-occupied Italy: approximately 43,000Deaths: 7,858, Jewish population of Latvia in 1939: 93,479Deaths: 70,000, Jewish population of Lithuania in 1937: 153,000Deaths: 130,000, Jewish population of Luxembourg in May 1940: 3,5005,000Deaths: 1,200, Jewish population of the Netherlands in May 1940: 140,245 Deaths: 102,000, Jewish population of Norway in April 1940: approximately 1,800Deaths: at least 758, Jewish population of Poland in 1937: 3,350,000Deaths: 2,770,0003,000,000, Jewish population of Romania in 1930: 756,930 Deaths: 211,214260,000, Hungarian-occupied Northern Transylvania Deaths: 90,295, Bessarabia and BukovinaJewish population in 1930: 314,000 Jewish population in 1941: 185,000 Deaths: 103,919130,000, Jewish population of the Soviet Union in 1939: 3,028,538 Deaths: approximately 1,340,000, Jewish population of Yugoslavia in 1941: 82,242 Deaths: 67,228, Slovenia (German-occupied) Jewish population in 1937: 1,500 Deaths: 1,300, Serbia with Banat and Sandak (German-occupied)Jewish population in 1937: 17,200Deaths 15,060, Macedonia (Bulgarian-occupied) Jewish population in 1941: 7,762Deaths: 6,982, Pirot, Serbia (Bulgarian-occupied)Deaths: 140, Albanian-annexed KosovoJewish population in 1937: 550 Deaths: 210, Croatia with Dalmatia and Bosnia-HerzegovinaJewish population in 1937: 39,400Deaths: 30,148, Montenegro (German-occupied) Jewish population in 1937: 30 Deaths: 28, Backa and Baranja (Hungarian-annexed)Jewish population in 1937: 16,000Deaths: 13,500. In January 1942, during the Wannsee Conference, several Nazi leaders discussed the details of the "Final Solution to the Jewish Question" (Endlsung der Judenfrage) and German State Secretary Josef Bhler urged conference chairman Reinhard Heydrich to proceed with the Final Solution in the General Government. Japan signed the Tripartite Pact with Germany and Italy on 27 September 1940, and was part of the Axis. And the answer is: [They did not fight back due to] collective responsibility. (German National Archive/Wikimedia Commons) Children rescued from the Nazi camps arrive at the Atlit reception camp in Israel, July 1945. where more than 1 million people were killed. Around 3,500 were murdered in the camp. Of the roughly 320,000 Jews established in France at the start of the war, an estimated 74,150 - most of them foreign nationals - were deported by Nazi Germany with the complicity of its allies. A book was later found that hinted at plans from Hitler to extend the atrocity into North America. [44] The ten-year plan would have exterminated, expelled, Germanized or enslaved most (or all) Ukrainians. Nevertheless, the Nazi state, through active persecution, attempted to terrorise German homosexuals into sexual and social conformity, leaving thousands dead and shattering the lives of many more. Publishers undertake to indicate the authors and origin of the images: www.auschwitz.org, as well as to inform the Museum of the use of the images (press@auschwitz.org). Russians, Belarusians,[17] Poles, Ukrainians and Serbs), Romanis (gypsies), homosexual men;[a][18] the mentally or physically disabled, mentally ill;[b] Soviet POWs, Roman Catholics, Protestants, Jehovah's Witnesses, Spanish Republicans, Freemasons,[c] Black Europeans (especially the Afro-German Mischlinge, called "Rhineland Bastards" by Hitler and the Nazi regime), and other minorities not considered Aryan (Herrenvolk, or part of the "master race");[d] leftists, communists, trade unionists, capitalists, social democrats, socialists, anarchists, and other dissidents who disagreed with the Nazi regime. [40] Original Nazi plans called for the extermination of 65 percent of the nation's 23.2million Ukrainians,[41][42] with the survivors treated as slaves. Hans-Walter Schmuhl. 2023 GAMESPOT, A FANDOM COMPANY. Before the Nazi takeover of power in 1933, Europe had a vibrant and mature Jewish culture. After their 1939 invasion of Poland, the Nazis instituted a policy of murdering (or suppressing) the ethnic-Polish elite (including Catholic religious leaders). Germanization of the annexed regions began in December 1939, with deportations of men, women and children. Materials. Put another way, the Holocaust was not only the murder of the Jews who were living then, it also prevented Jewish marriages and births from happening in the future. [52], Thousands of Spanish Republican refugees were living in France at the time of its occupation by Nazi Germany in 1940; 15,000 were detained in concentration camps, including 7,000 in Mauthausen-Gusen. Other Catholic victims of the Holocaust have been beatified, including Poland's 108 Martyrs of World War II, the Martyrs of Nowogrdek, Dutch theologian Titus Brandsma and Germany's Lbeck martyrs and Bernhard Lichtenberg. After Italy's 1943 surrender, many Italian nationals (including partisans and Italian soldiers disarmed by the Germans) were sent to concentration camps. [105], The Nazis attempted to deal with Protestant dissent with their ideology by creating the Reich Church, a union of 28 existing Protestant groups espousing Positive Christianity (a doctrine compatible with Nazism). By Adam Kovac January 24, 2023. These were Jews from across Europe who spoke different languages and had different cultures. [34] The six million Jewish, Roman Catholic and Orthodox Poles represented nearly 17 percent of the country's population. This contrasted with the treatment of other Holocaust victims, who were compensated for the loss of family members and educational opportunities. Coutts MyiLibrary. It is estimated that 11million. More than one million gay Germans were targeted, of whom at least 100,000 were arrested and 50,000 were convicted and imprisoned. Hilberg, Raul. TheNuremberg trialswent ahead to prosecute prominent members of the political, military and economic leadership ofNazi Germany who had been behind the shocking persecution. According to historian William Shirer, "under the leadership of Rosenberg, Bormann and Himmlerbacked by Hitlerthe Nazi regime intended to destroy Christianity in Germany, if it could, and substitute the old paganism of the early tribal Germanic gods and the new paganism of the Nazi extremists". The Auschwitz experience in the art of prisoners, The extermination procedure in the gas chambers. Documents . [51] As we mark International Holocaust Remembrance Day, 78 years after the liberation of Auschwitz, it is imperative that Americans continue to learn about the most documented, planned genocide in modern history the Nazi extermination of one-third of the Jewish people.. About 15 thousand Soviet POWs and 10 to 15 thousand prisoners of other ethnic backgrounds (including Czechs, Byelorussians, Yugoslavians, French, Germans, and Austrians) also died there. The Nazis forced Jews out of their homes, crowded them into ghettos, and then deported them to either a concentration or a death camp. The institutionalized practice by the Nazis of singling out and persecuting people resulted in the Holocaust, which began with legalized social discrimination against specific groups, involuntary hospitalization, euthanasia, and forced sterilization of persons considered physically or mentally unfit for society. Pages 128-9. During the Holocaust, theNazis murdered an estimated six million Jews. [46], Soviet civilian populations in the occupied areas were severely persecuted and endured the treacherous conditions of the Eastern Front, which spawned atrocities such as the siege of Leningrad, when 1.2 million civilians died. Jennifer Rosenberg is a historian and writer who specializes in 20th-century history. Elie Wiesel (Foreward), Kindle Edition, Indiana University Press, May 22, 2009. The Holocaust was the murder of approximately six million Jewish men, women and children by Nazi Germany and its collaborators during World War Two. The figure includes 7.4 million victims of Nazi genocide and reprisals, 2.2 million deaths of persons deported to Germany as forced labour, and 4.1 million famine and disease deaths. The invasion of Poland in 1939 began the devastation that has since come to be known, with more than 42,000 camps and detention sites being set up. "I couldn't make a game where you win at the end," Bernard told AGP. A02 Question: Explain how the experience of the Holocaust might affect the faith of a Jew. Courtesy of The Wiener Holocaust Library, International Tracing Service Digital Archive, Document Number 101099771. . Although the exact number is unknown, an estimated 80,000 to 200,000 Freemasons were murdered as a result of Hitler's December 1941 Nacht und Nebel directive. In addition, 11 million members of other groups were murdered during the "era of the Holocaust".[1]. The institutionalisation of cosmopolitan morality: the holocaust and human rights. A . [30] Jews outside Europe under Axis occupation were also affected by the Holocaust in Italian Libya, Algeria, Tunisia, Morocco, Iraq, Japan, and China. that fewer than 50% of American adults knew how many Jews had died in the Holocaust or that Hitler had come to power democratically. Holocaust Survivors and Victims Resource Center. 705. [78] He also wrote that Hitler "inveighed against political Catholicism in Mein Kampf and attacked both of the Christian Churches for their failure to recognise the racial problem". It is estimated that 500,000 Jews died in the ghettos of disease and starvation. Edelheit, Abraham. The Germans called this "the final solution to the Jewish question." Some captured in the Battle of the Bulge were forced into slave labor at the Berga concentration camp, a subcamp of Buchenwald; over 70 died. Yehuda Bauer, an Israeli Holocaust scholar who chairs the International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance, said he warned his friend Wiesenthal, who died in 2005, about spreading the false. "Jewish Losses During the Holocaust: By Country." The first tribunal tried 22 political and military leaders of the Third Reich, except forAdolf Hitler,Heinrich Himmler andJoseph Goebbels, all of whom had committed suicide several months before. View the list of all donors. The train tracks leading to Birkenau, the extermination camp at Auschwitz. What were some similarities between racism in Nazi Germany and in the United States, 1920s-1940s? Hardcover, 1st edition, Macmillan Pub. . Holocaust victims were people targeted by the government of Nazi Germany based on their ethnicity, religion, political beliefs, and/or sexual orientation. The products discussed here were independently chosen by our editors. Some Germans who participated remain unrepentant or outright deny it occurred, as seen in the harrowing documentary Final Account. ThoughtCo, Feb. 4, 2022, thoughtco.com/number-of-jews-killed-during-holocaust-by-country-4081781. The estimates of today might rise or fall as new documents are discovered or as historians arrive at a more precise understanding of events. It was carried out primarily by German forces and collaborators, German and non-German. Twenty-nine per cent of Dutch people believed that two million or fewer Jews were killed, a number that rises to 37 per cent of millennials and Generation Z. . The best estimates for Jewish losses country by country are offered below. 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