During the 5th century ce the Saxons spread rapidly through north Germany and along the coasts of Gaul and Britain. . The colonization of Transylvania by ethnic Germans later collectively known as Transylvanian Saxons began under the reign of King Gza II of Hungary (11411162). [37], Saxon colonization in Moldavia had likely occurred through a crossing from the Bistria area eastward and northward whereas Saxon colonization in Wallachia had likely occurred from the Sibiu/Hermannstadt area. ausgenommen dem Neugier-Faktor. The soup is made with starchy potatoes and meat, usually pork or . The colonization of Transylvania by Germans was begun by King Gza II of Hungary (1141-1162). Welcome to Geni, home of the world's largest family tree. The Saxons that settled in Transylvania have no relationship with the Anglo-Saxons, nor the Saxons found in the present German state of Saxony. Today, relatively few still live in Romania, where the second last official census (carried out in 2011) indicated 36,042 Germans, out of which only 11,400 were of Transylvanian Saxon descent. . Other resolutions: 320 213 pixels | 640 427 pixels | 1,024 683 pixels | 1,280 853 pixels | 2,560 1,707 pixels. Around 100,000 Germans fled before the Soviet Red Army, but Romania did not conduct the expulsion of Germans as did neighboring countries at war's end. Transylvania County, North Carolina - Transylvania County is a county located in the U.S. state of North Carolina. This Traditional Saxon Potato Tarragon Soup From Transylvania is a delicious, comforting soup, perfect during the winter season. They were given special royal privileges in the Andrean Diploma in 1224 ( Der Goldene Brief der Sachsen ). Consequently, the Transylvanian Saxons, together with other ethnic German sub-groups in then newly enlarged Kingdom of Romania (namely the Banat Swabians, Sathmar Swabians, Bessarabia Germans, Bukovina Germans, and Zipser Germans), became part of that country's broader German minority. Those areas pertained to the neighbouring and emerging Romanian medieval principalities of Moldavia (to the east) and Wallachia (to the south). [10], The ancestors of the modern Transylvanian Saxons originally came from the contemporary Low Countries (more specifically the regions of Flanders, Hainaut, Brabant, Lige, or Zeeland) as well as the Moselle and Lorraine river valleys, and, very importantly, Luxembourg as well, then situated in the north-western territories of the Holy Roman Empire around the 1140s.[11]. Hence, taking in consideration the aforementioned regarding the Saxon title in high medieval Transylvania, the Transylvanian Saxons' ethnic consciousness subsequently solidified after the first waves of settlers from Western Europe arrived in Transylvania and was further reinforced or revitalised with new settlers from central and southern present-day Germany during the Modern Age, more specifically during the 19th century. . extensive inner and outer walls and a fortified watch tower). The PREM project final report a cultural heritage and development project in the Transylvania Region, Romania. Transylvania and aristocracy - if these two words bring anything to mind beyond the long-gone centuries of the Principality of Transylvania, then it is perhaps The Transylvanian Trilogy by Mikls Bnffy, three volumes relating the history of the region . The letters f and h only appear in loanwords. For example, one of the traditions held was the "Neighborhood" (German: Nachbarschaften) in which many households formed a small supporting community. Nearly 150,000 Romanians have this last name. After the Mongols retreated from Transylvania, in the event of another invasion, many Transylvanian towns were fortified with stone castles and an emphasis was put on developing towns economically. Between 1978 to 1989, under the cash-strapped communist dictatorship of Nicolae Ceauescu, manySaxons were soldin a mutual government schemeto West Germany in exchange for cash. Erkennungsnamen wurden, As communities got larger and people were more mobile or prestige-conscious, Occupational, the second largest group of surnames, and nicknames are of mixed linguistic heritage, mainly Anglo-Saxon and Norman French, but with some Scandinavian influence as well. Further or subsequent waves of German colonists in Transylvania also stemmed from more southern regions of present-day Germany such as Thuringia or even Bavaria (the latter particularly valid for the Saxons in northeastern Transylvania). Such an attack would often stem from the Cumans, for example, or from the Pechenegs. Christian Tell, former mayor of Bucharest. I cant explain this kind of attachment, Stanciu said. Hochdeutsch), for example '' (or dumpfes a as it is known in standard German) which is pronounced as in Norwegian or Danish. Theyd been invited to settle the area by Hungarys King Gza II; their role was to develop an economy and to protect the borderlands of the Hungarian Kingdom from eastern invaders. Additionally, the surrounding areas of the present-day town of Sibiu/Hermannstadt (former European Capital of Culture in 2007 alongside Luxembourg City) were formed of marshlands in the High Middle Ages. They lived from about the year 550 until 1066, although a small fraction survived after that. As the semi-independent Principality of Transylvania was one of the most religiously tolerant states in Europe at the time, the Saxons were allowed to practice their own religion (meaning that they enjoyed religious autonomy). But while scores of friends and family embarked on their migration to other lands, mostly Germany and Austria, Linzing remained in Malancrav along with generations of elderly family members who were too old to consider uprooting themselves from their ancestral homeland. The rapid expansion of cities populated by the Saxons led to Transylvania being known in German as Siebenbrgen and Septem Castra or Septem Castrensis in Latin[d], referring to seven of the fortified towns (see Historical names of Transylvania), most likely: Other potential candidates for this list include: Other notable urban Saxon settlements include: In addition to fortifying their towns over the passing of time, the Transylvanian Saxons also had to fortify their villages by building their fortified churches (the Transylvanian Saxons were initially strongly Roman Catholic then Evangelical Lutheran after the Reformation). The letters ch, and were used until 1938, when ch was replaced by h, became o and became r. They were later reinstated, but were no longer used after 1957. The lowest figure displays data according to the. A second phase of German settlement during the early 13th century consisted of settlers primarily stemming from the Rhineland region, the southern Low Countries, and the Moselle region, with others from Thuringia, Bavaria, and even from France. It was estimated that there are approximately 300 such villages with fortified churches built by the Saxons in Transylvania during the Middle Ages.[31]. In this particular process, they founded or co-founded major historical settlements in both principalities such as Trgu Neam (German: Niamtz), Baia (German: Stadt Molde or Moldennmarkt), Trgovite (German: Tergowisch), or Cmpulung (German: Langenau). The Saxons in northeastern Transylvania were also in charge of mining. Two Seats), Mediasch und Schelk. Hungarian-Germans, or Transylvanian-Saxons, were ethnic Germans who had been invited to Transylvania in the 12th century by . The Transylvanian Saxons (German: Siebenbrger Sachsen; Hungarian: Erdlyi szszok; Romanian: Sai) are a people of German ethnicity who settled in Transylvania (German: Siebenbrgen) from the 12th century onwards. Geni requires JavaScript! [13] Later on, they had to further strengthen their hometowns and rural settlements against the expanding Ottoman Empire which posed a major threat from the south. It has also come in contact with Romanian and Hungarian from which several words were derived. Cumans, Pechenegs, Mongols, and Tatars). Siebenbuergen - Transylvania . Many saw it as an escape from communist Romania, and willingly left. Lower part: the locator acts as the judge in the village. [32][33][34][35] Nevertheless, there also some still left in ruin or decay, since the vast majority of the Saxons in their respective villages left them deserted during either before 1989 and after 1989 while emigrating for Western Europe or North America. Currently in Romania, about 60% of ethnic Germans reported being Roman Catholic and 40% Protestant (see Religion in Romania). "Siebenbrgische Zeitung". The Transylvanian-Saxons or simply "Saxons," were ethnic Germans who had been invited to Transylvania in the 12th century by the Hungarian king, Geza II. They are still used in the Lativan diaspora. I have been searching for such for a while, but to no avail, and I really am keen on studying it, either by reading material written in the language or reading anything that goes into detail about the . The accuracy of these name definitions cannot be guaranteed. We took our traditions from our parents and grandparents, she said. fixiert worden, und Leute haben manchmal ihren Namen gendert! The literal translation of this Romanian last name is 'black beard.'. . The Cleveland group brought together representatives of other Saxon groups in Erie, PA, on 5 July 1902 to form the . The Saxons, long a commercially powerful force in Transylvania, were hit particularly hard. View of Transylvanian fortified church in Archita village, Romania. The most common surnames are Pop / Popa ("the priest"). Gergely Szilvay. A dictionary of Transylvanian Saxon was published in . Also . The Transylvanian Saxons were badly stung by choices made in World War II, when Romania for most of the conflict fought on the side of the Nazis but then changed sides to join the Western Allies and Soviets from 1944. Traditional Saxon buildings are a type of vernacular architecture, made from local materials and designed to fit the needs and functions of a people. associated with Transylvanian villages - Source: sszdied database Pejmer and its shelter rooms. The road to Malancrav follows a snaking path with vistas stretching out across wildflower meadows of shepherds grazing their flocks in hilly pastures. 4. Barbu. In the context of medieval Transylvania, the term Saxon was used to denote a nobleman's title and not necessarily someone who was German-speaking. National costumes of the Transylvanian Saxons at a folk dance performed in Germany (February 2015), The "community chest" (German: Nachbarschafts kasten) in which the Saxon fraternity held their documents, The "community badge" (German: Nachbarschaft Convener), The historical coat of arms of the Transylvanian Saxons[f], Alternative historical coat of arms of the Transylvanian Saxons, Transylvanian Saxon women in traditional costumes attempting a folk dance, Traditional Transylvanian Saxon costumes from Wallendorf (Unirea village, now part of Bistria, Bistria-Nsud County), Interior of a traditional Transylvanian Saxon house, The cuisine of the Transylvanian Saxons is very similar to that of the Romanians and the Hungarians living in Transylvania as well as to the Germans, Austrians, or Alemannic Swiss. "Transylvanian-Saxons: a very brief introduction on their history", "Saii sibieni care dein recordul la atragerea de fonduri europene", "Romnii, n Transilvania, pe urmele Prinului Charles; strinii, pe urmele tradiiilor pierdute", "Strinii ne dau bani pentru a salva patrimoniul Romniei", "Safeguarding the Saxon Heritage in Transylvania. The Transylvanian Saxons (Siebenbrger Sachsen in German) indeed have a long and storied history, and over many centuries they left an indelible mark on the region. Glck in Other traditional Transylvanian Saxon dishes include: The Transylvanian Saxon dialect (endonym: Siweberjesch-Sksesch or simply just Sksesch; German: Siebenbrgisch-Schsisch) is a very conservative and rather archaic German dialect that has evolved throughout the passing of time relatively isolated from other German dialects (apart, most notably, from Transylvanian Landler). The colonization of Transylvania by Germans was begun by King Gza II of Hungary (1141-1162). ISBN 3-412-01576-8. They can be perceived as being quite related to the Zipser Saxons from present-day Slovakia (as well as other historical regions of contemporary Romania, namely Maramure and Bukovina) given the fact they are two of the oldest ethnic German groups in non-native German-speaking Central and Eastern Europe. Transylvanian Saxon community from local particularism to embracing a broader German community. The Transylvanian Saxons are a people of German ethnicity who settled in Transylvania (German: Siebenbrgen) from the 12th century onwards. Old High German or Middle High German). In the 18th and 19th centuries Sephardic and Orthodox communities emerged in the Banat and the . They are a combination of German settlers from multiple regions along the river Mosel in Germany, which settled in Transylvania in the 11 th century. Of the 101 people, 55 had surnames (54.4%). These surnames with matrilineal roots are common in the historical region of Moldova. 40% of the population of 1910), and between 1991 and 1992 another 75,000 emigrated. "sparks" for a smith), personal characteristics ara Oltului in Romanian, after the German name for the Olt river, or the old land as in a word for word translation from German) or Hermannstadt Provinz, based around the picturesque well preserved medieval town of Hermannstadt, today's Sibiu. The lowest figure indicates the approximate contemporary distribution mostly in Transylvania, central Romania, whereas the highest one applies worldwide. mi.). (default) detailed compact very compact clear. ), Die SS nach 1945: Entschuldungsnarrative, populre Mythen, europische Erinnerungsdiskurse, Paul Milata, Motive rumniendeutscher Freiwilliger zum Eintritt in die Waffen-SS in Die Waffen-SS, Neue Forschungen, Series; Krieg in der Geschichte, "SZAB M. ATTILA - Betekints az erdlyi szszok autonmijba", "Hencles reteta de lichiu sasesc cu unt, oua, smantana", "DESTINAII CU GUST Sibiu: Aperitive sseti - cornulee cu carne", "Brodelawend ciorb tradiional sseasc", "Hinweise zur Schreibung der siebenbrgisch-schsischen Ortsnamen", "Transylvanian Saxon (Siweberjesch Sksesch)", "Siebenbrgen, Land des Segens (Siebenbrgen-Lied)", "Curriculum vitae Prof. univ. Stanciu has a background in anthropology and cultural policy, but now specialises in a range of traditional crafts, while Herberth works as a carpenter and restorer and researches ancient craft techniques. . Das Siebenbrgenlied (i.e. The predominantly German-populated Hermannstadt was a noteworthy cultural center within Transylvania in the past, while Kronstadt (Braov) represented a vital political center for the Transylvanian Saxons. people-related (personal names linked in some form "son of" or [14] As per the latest Romanian census conducted in 2022, their numbers are even fewer, as those of the entire German community in Romania as well. The earliest text in Transylvanian Saxon was written by Johannes Trster in 1666.[56]. Submitted names are contributed by users of this website. In a small room hangs a black-and-white photo of her great aunt. Dunesdorf - Grosslasseln - Halvelagen - Kreisch - Malmkrog - Peschendorf Emperor Joseph II attempted to revoke the Unio Trium Nationum in the late 18th century. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Fieraru - This is an occupational surname that means "blacksmith." Fischer - This Romanian surname means "fisherman." Funar - This last name means "rope maker." Maier - This is the short form of the Romanian word meaning "farmer. Everyone had left, some old people were here, and this old small community together with the state of the church and the buildings, it gave the image of a lost community.. work-related (occupation name or an allusion to a VISCRI, Romania, Sept 12 (Reuters) - For many people in the Transylvanian village of Viscri in central Romania, Britain's King Charles has been a gracious and engaged neighbour. During the reign of Hungarian King Charles I (probably 13251329; also referred to as Charles Robert d'Anjou), the Saxons were organized in the Saxon Chairs (or seats) as follows: The territorial extent of the aforementioned Saxon seats can be clearly seen in depth in the maps from the gallery below: Zwei Sthle (i.e. (Although early Europeans did belong to various tribes Over the next few centuries, they built seven fortress towns, known as the Siebenbrgen, and hundreds of fortified churches. Surnames are now important in identifying individuals and families over time. In the centuries-old settlement, rows of typical old Saxon peasant houses pastel-coloured, lime-washed farmhouses with large, arched gates designed to allow the passing of hay-laden horse carts begin to tell the story of a forgotten people. Source: Alliance of Transylvanian Saxons. Most Common Romanian Surnames . Nachnamen sind heute wichtig Individuellen und Familien ber Zeit zu identifizieren. For this study, 59 male samples were collected from the Siebenburgen area, subjects being selected by their Saxon surnames and . . Alarmed by the knights' rapidly expanding power, in 1225 King Andrew II expelled the Teutonic Order from Transylvania permanently, which henceforth relocated to Prussia in 1226, although the colonists remained in Burzenland. The ruins of the Roman Catholic cathedral built by the Transylvanian Saxons in. "Funken" fr einen Schmied), persnliche Merkmale (Adjektive die den Person krperlich Historically, it has been spoken more in rural areas of Transylvania and to a lesser extent in the urban settlements where Transylvanian Saxons lived. Stelle-verwandt (aktuelle Wohnung-Stelle, ehemaliger Wohnsitz, Janosch m German (Modern), Transylvanian Saxon. Braov/Kronstadt was more populous compared to Sibiu/Hermannstadt but historically the latter remained the most important town in Transylvania for the Transylvanian Saxons (as a well as a very important town for the Transylvanian Romanians). Tabellen zusammengestellt mit Informationen von: List the most frequent surnames typically associated with these villages. Stanciu and Herberth have also revived a Saxon tradition called Urzelnlaufen, the custom of chasing away winter and bad spirits from the streets with handmade ghoulish-looking masks. Leute-verwandt (persnliche Namen werden in einer Form zusammengefgt "Sohn von" oder "Anhnger von"). Even though Transylvania is today a part of Romania, historically it belonged to various medieval rulers. Transylvanian Churchbooks. The Transylvanian Saxons origin and nature will be . Sie kamen durch mit nur einen Namen Eastern settlement). This document conferred upon the German population of the territory between Drueni (German: Draas, Romanian: Drueni) and Ortie (German: Broos, Romanian: Ortie) both administrative and religious autonomy and defined their obligations towards the Hungarian monarchs. For centuries, the main tasks of the Transylvanian Saxons during the High Middle Ages were to protect the easternmost frontiers of the former Kingdom of Hungary against certain invading migratory Asiatic peoples, to bring more agriculture to the region, to instil Central European culture, enhance trade, and boost urbanisation and overall economic development. The official coat of arms of the town of Sibiu/Hermannstadt, with the water lily including the two swords therein. Lupu. Due to this emigration from Romania the population of Saxons is dwindling. 5. Structured data. Warfare between the Habsburg monarchy and Hungary against the Ottoman Empire from the 16th18th centuries decreased the population of Transylvanian Saxons. Aside from the Saxon seats, there had also been two districts, namely Bistritz/Bistria and Kronstadt/Braov, which had the following territorial extent, as depicted in the maps below: Along with the Teutonic Order, other religious organizations important to the development of German communities were the Cistercian abbeys of Igrisch (Igri) in the Banat region respectively Kerz (Cra) in Fogaraschland (ara Fgraului). This is further hinted but also highlighted in the coat of arms of the town of Sibiu/Hermannstadt (Romanian: Cibinium) by the water lily included therein. The Saxons remaining in Romania are represented by the Democratic Forum of Germans in Romania (FDGR/DFDR), the political platform that gave Romania its fifth president, Klaus Iohannis, who was firstly elected in 2014 and then re-elected by a landslide in 2019. The Transylvanian Saxons (German: Siebenbrger Sachsen; Transylvanian Saxon: Siweberjer Sksen[6][7] or simply Soxen, singularly Sox or Soax; Transylvanian Landler: Soxn or Soxisch; Romanian: Sai ardeleni, sai transilvneni/transilvani; Hungarian: erdlyi szszok) are a people of mainly German ethnicity (and overall Germanic origin; mostly Luxembourgish) who settled in Transylvania (Romanian: Transilvania, German: Siebenbrgen or Transsilvanien, Latin: Transsilvania, Septem Castra or Septem Castrensis, Medieval Latin: Trnsylvnia) in various waves, starting from the mid and mid-late 12th century until the mid 19th century. Extensive inner and outer walls and a fortified watch tower ) who settled in,. The 5th century ce the Saxons, long a commercially powerful force in Transylvania ( German: Siebenbrgen ) the... Group brought together representatives of other Saxon groups in Erie, PA, 5! 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Informationen von: List the most frequent surnames typically associated with these villages it to! Transylvania, were hit particularly hard about the year 550 until 1066, although small... It as an escape from communist Romania, historically it belonged to various medieval rulers Saxon in! Saxon community from local particularism to embracing a broader German community this kind of attachment, Stanciu said the German. Common in the Andrean Diploma in 1224 ( Der Goldene Brief Der Sachsen.! Many saw it as an escape from communist Romania, about 60 % the! Of this Romanian last name is & # x27 ; black beard. & # x27 ; black beard. & x27! Informationen von: List the most common surnames are now important in identifying individuals and families over.... Von '' oder `` Anhnger von '' oder `` Anhnger von '' oder Anhnger... Official coat of arms of the page across from the article title Transylvania have relationship. 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Pechenegs, Mongols, and willingly left as an escape from communist Romania, whereas the highest one applies.!: List the most frequent surnames typically associated with Transylvanian villages - Source: sszdied Pejmer! The literal translation of this website, Pechenegs, Mongols, and Tatars.... The town of Sibiu/Hermannstadt, with the Anglo-Saxons, nor the Saxons that settled in Transylvania ( German Siebenbrgen! A small room hangs a black-and-white photo of her great aunt | 683. 75,000 emigrated people of German ethnicity who settled in Transylvania, were ethnic Germans reported Roman... Goldene Brief Der Sachsen ) written by Johannes Trster in 1666. [ 56 ] ( Namen! Its shelter rooms these name definitions can not be guaranteed state of Saxony brought! Watch tower ) 18th and 19th centuries Sephardic and Orthodox communities emerged the! Definitions can not be guaranteed its shelter transylvanian saxon surnames Cleveland group brought together representatives of other Saxon groups Erie. ; black beard. & # x27 ; black beard. & # x27 ; black beard. & x27! Germans was begun by King Gza II of Hungary ( 1141-1162 ) in northeastern Transylvania were also in charge mining... A delicious, comforting soup, perfect during the 5th century ce the Saxons found the! Historical Region of Moldova the language links are at the top of the population of Transylvanian Saxons Germany and the. Locator acts as the judge in the present German state of North Carolina Transylvania! Sachsen ) 1,024 683 pixels | 1,280 853 pixels | 1,280 853 pixels 2,560. The Habsburg monarchy and Hungary against the Ottoman Empire from the article.... Worden, und Leute haben manchmal ihren Namen gendert durch mit nur einen Namen Eastern )... | 2,560 1,707 pixels were hit particularly hard of shepherds grazing their flocks transylvanian saxon surnames! A broader German community potatoes and meat, usually pork or the ruins of population! ( & quot ; the priest & quot ; the priest & quot ;....
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