Specific requirements are described below. Ladders are used to provide access to different levels of the scaffold, although sometimes steps will be used to improve safety. To enforce the federal regulations that ensure that business is conducted in an ethical manner Each bearer shall be securely fastened to the platform. Personal Fall Arrest System. uses. Is this an exothermic or endothermic process? Scaffolding means a convenient platform for persons to work at height. B. b. Coefficients are used to balance the atoms on both sides. The platform shall be supported by a minimum of two bearers, each of which shall project a minimum of 6 inches (15.2 cm) beyond the platform on both sides. All ladders used to support ladder jack scaffolds shall meet the requirements of subpart X of this part -- Stairways and Ladders, except that job-made ladders shall not be used to support ladder jack scaffolds. Scaffolds must be braced by cross, horizontal, or diagonal braces, or a combination thereof. The four lifting principles that govern a cranes mobility and safety during lifting operations are: Center of gravity, leverage, stability and structural integrity. Symptoms of silicosis ____________ , so workers should have a chest x-ray to see if there is lung damage. "Footings shall be level, sound, rigid, and capable of supporting the loaded scaffold without settling or displacement." 1926.451 (c) (2) (i) 1926.452 (c) (4) By definition a scaffold is a temporary, elevated platform Electric shock occurs when: A. Smith, Michael Abbott, Fundamentals of Engineering Economic Analysis, David Besanko, Mark Shanley, Scott Schaefer. Hardware should be included to fasten the planks into place. . Scaffolds may only be designed, set up, used, or maintained in accordance with: (7) Ribbons shall be erected along the length of the scaffold, located on both the inside and the outside posts . Keep Vehicles and Heavy Equipment Clear. A training program to teach proper lifting techniques should cover: Knowledge of the basic anatomy of the spine, muscles, and joints of the trunk. Boatswains' chair seat slings shall be reeved through four corner holes in the seat; shall cross each other on the underside of the seat; and shall be rigged so as to prevent slippage which could cause an out-of-level condition. bamboo sticks are still used in some Asian countries to erect large multistory structures. This poses a risk of electrocution not just to the worker holding the tool, but to everyone who contacts the scaffold. Where wooden poles are spliced, the ends shall be squared and the upper section shall rest squarely on the lower section. To prevent their displacement, platform units shall be nailed, bolted, or otherwise secured to outriggers. employers in workdays not lost. (Hold the cups up to your cheeks to tell.) When poles are made of wood, the pole lumber shall be straight-grained, free of shakes, large loose or dead knots, and other defects which might impair strength. Upon completion of the lesson, participants will be able to: Bearers must extend a minimum of 3 inches over the outside edge of runners. 7. Access between levels is by timber or metal ladders, which are securely tied to the scaffold. Do not abuse or misuse the scaffold equipment. When horses are arranged in tiers, each tier shall be crossbraced. (Do not use insulating Styrofoam cups.) Use of fall protection above 10 feet. In the case of materials handling, storage, use and disposal, remember that the main hazards are injuries from: Because the number of injuries from operating powered industrial trucks was on the rise, the OSHA standard for Powered Industrial Trucks was revised March 1, 1999. Any part of a building or structure used to support the scaffold shall be capable of supporting the maximum intended load to be applied. A. To secure fair compensation for workers who have been injured in accidents An access ladder or equivalent safe access must be provided. Do not sell or share my personal information. A supported scaffolding height-to-base ratio of . Light metal-type platforms having a rated capacity of 750 pounds or less and platforms 40 feet (12.2 m) or less in length shall be tested and listed by a nationally recognized testing laboratory. The height to base width ratio of the scaffold during movement is two to one or less, unless the scaffold is designed and constructed to meet or exceed nationally recognized stability test requirements such as those listed in paragraph 2. C. Have all brakes and locking devices set when the occupied personnel platform is in stationary position When balancing a chemical equation. The ropes shall be securely attached to the needle beams. Tube and coupler scaffolds over 125 feet in height shall be designed by a registered professional engineer, and shall be constructed and loaded in accordance with such design. Passage may be made from one platform to another only when the platforms are at the same height, are abutting, and walk-through stirrups specifically designed for this purpose are used. Scaffolds made of wood shall be reinforced with gussets on both sides of each corner. In this article, Civil Engineer and Construction Safety Expert, Robert J. O'Connor discusses the anatomy of a baker scaffold, proper assembly, common hazards and relevant safety standards. This scaffold is simply a rope attached to a harness with an assembly like a boatswains chair for the worker to sit in. Scaffold is not level because it was erected without base plates on an uneven surface. When moving platforms to the next level, the existing platform shall be left undisturbed until the new end frames have been set in place and braced prior to receiving the new platforms. sawhorses; others are much more complex, such as the scaffolds erected hundreds of OSHA 1926.454(c) states: When an employer has reason to believe that an employee lacks the skill or understanding needed for safe work involving the erection, use or dismantling of scaffolds, the employer shall: Retrain each such employee so that the requisite proficiency is regained. Name the three types of scaffolds and describe their main characteristics fold must be erected "plumb, square, and level," starting with the first bay because every degree that the scaffold is off level at the lower level is magnified as it is raised in height. They come in a variety of styles and are made from many different materials. Install a suitable means of access, such as a sloping or vertical ladder secured to the scaffold at the landing point. 6, 1979, as amended at 55 FR 47687, Nov. 14, 1990; 61 FR 46025, Aug. 30, 1996; 85 FR 8736, February 18, 2020], Occupational Safety & Health Administration. When an employee is using stilts on a large area scaffold where a guardrail system is used to provide fall protection, the guardrail system shall be increased in height by an amount equal to the height of the stilts being used by the employee. A staging area is available. This means guardrails, a personal fall arrest system or both, depending on the situation. PLUMB/LEVEL/SQUARE. Every degree that the scaffold is off leveled will be magnified as the scaffold is raised in height. aluminum, or less commonly, wood. Where uplift can occur which would displace scaffold end frames or panels, the frames or panels shall be locked together vertically by pins or equivalent means. Any part of a building or structure used to support the scaffold shall be capable of supporting the maximum intended load to be applied. Non-mandatory Appendix A to this subpart contains examples of criteria that will enable an employer to comply with design and loading requirements for tube and coupler scaffolds under 125 feet in height. Most fatalities, however, happen when workers fall from: Employers must ensure that all walking and working surfaces have the structural integrity to: Controlled access zones serve a dual purpose they allow specially trained individuals (such as masons) to operate without traditional fall protection within a certain area, and: A system used to arrest a worker in a fall from a working level that consists of an anchorage, connectors, a body belt or body harness, and may include a lanyard, deceleration device, lifeline, or suitable combinations of these is called a: When no other alternative fall protection has been implemented, the employer shall implement a safety monitoring system. Supported scaffold poles, legs . The blocks for fiber or synthetic ropes shall consist of at least one double and one single block. Scaffolds constructed of tube and coupler components shall also comply with the requirements of paragraph (b) of this section; Scaffolds constructed of fabricated frame components shall also comply with the requirements of paragraph (c) of this section. Transfer the liquid back and forth between the cups to ensure equal temperatures, ending up with the same amount of water in each cup. Hot wires, ungrounded wires that can cause a shock if you touch them, are usually: More than 50 percent of electrocutions are caused by a worker coming in direct contact with: The OSHA standard requires flexible cords to be rated for: What is the most frequent violation of OSHA electrical standards? scaffold are exposed, and describe at least one method of hazard prevention for The use of gray cast iron is prohibited. As an example, even in this day of steel and iron, scaffolds made from Platforms shall not be more than 36 inches (0.9 m) wide unless designed by a qualified person to prevent unstable conditions. Cross braces must keep the scaffold plumb, level, and square; All brace connections must be secured to prevent dislodging; Frames and panels must be joined together vertically by coupling or stacking pins or equivalent means; Frames and panels must be locked together to prevent uplift (separation of a 5. OSHA requires that all excavations in which employees could potentially be exposed to cave-ins be protected by one or more of the following three methods: The formula for all simple slope excavations 20 feet (6.11 meters) or less deep states that for every foot of depth, the trench must be excavated back: Trench boxes or shields must be designed or approved by: Shoring or shielding is most often used when: The location or the depth of the excavation makes sloping back to the maximum allowable slope impractical. This instability causes the weight to shift from one leg to another and could cause the overload of the leg and the collapse of the scaffold. C. Both A and B Stilts, when used, shall be used in accordance with the following requirements: [44 FR 8577, Feb. 9, 1979; 44 FR 20940. The cross braces shall be of such length as will automatically square and align vertical members so that the erected scaffold is always plumb, level, and square. The knowledgeable user knows how to select the right scaffold for the When two or more scaffolds are used they shall not be bridged one to another unless they are designed to be bridged, the bridge connections are articulated, and the hoists are properly sized. C. Suspended scaffolds The noise exposure measurement your employer makes must include all continuous, intermittent and ______ noise within a range of 80 dB to 130 dB. Scaffold platforms shall not be bridged one to another. A scaffold is a temporary structure that supports access or working platforms. A ground-fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) protects workers from shock by: Matching the amount of current going into an electrical device against the amount returning from the device and shutting down power if a ground fault is detected. Employees are prohibited from working above other employees on the face of a sloped or benched excavation unless: Workers on lower level have overhead protection from falling objects. what to do and when to do it can save lives. D. Stop using the tool, A. Review the foundation. When horses are arranged in tiers, each horse shall be placed directly over the horse in the tier below. What Is The Molar Mass Of Calcium Chloride? Scaffolding by UWM 1. Secure access to the scaffold. 9. Boatswains' chair seat slings shall be a minimum of five-eight (5/8) inch (1.6 cm) diameter fiber, synthetic, or other rope which will satisfy the criteria (e.g., strength, slip resistance, durability, etc.) Tap here to review the details. The scaffold should be plumb, level and square. Guard or securely cover all holes created or uncovered before leaving a work area potential hazards that employers and workers need to be aware of so they can take the Scaffolding must be erected, dismantled or moved by qualified employees that are supervised by a competent person. B. Knowledge of the basic anatomy of the spine, muscles, and joints of the trunk Cyber Awareness Challenge 2022 Answers And Notes. Instant access to millions of ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, podcasts and more. Other common components are scaffold boards and edge protection. A scaffold is a temporary, elevated platform that construction workers use for working safely at elevations. When two by fours are spliced to make a pole, mending plates shall be installed at all splices to develop the full strength of the member. C. Wear goggles or safety spectacles One or more platforms supported by outrigger beams, brackets, poles, legs, uprights, posts, frames, or similar rigid supports. 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