Samantha Masunaga is a business reporter for the Los Angeles Times. In 1981, McAuto acquired Bradford Systems and Administrative Services for $11.5 million and began processing medical claims. Branson would certainly have the funds to make a competitive offer to buy the old C-17 production site. Plans for the merger began by the mid-1990s, but it was not made public until 1996. ". Without the Gemini experience, it is unlikely that Aldrin would have been assigned to the Apollo 11 mission, during which he became the second person to walk on the Moon. Women employees were encouraged to quit in order to give remaining jobs to veterans returning home. (Photo by FG/Bauer-Griffin/GC Images), Aircraft fleets expanded significantly in the 1930s and 1940s. Contracts for the 100-passenger short-range twin jet were made with AirTran Airways of Florida, Hawaiian Airlines and others. The division was spun out as a separate company, McDonnell Douglas Information Systems in 1993. Jim Lovell and Buzz Aldrin, who had formerly been the backup crew for Gemini 10, became the mission's backup crew and through the normal rotation were assigned as prime crew for Gemini 12. While the panel weighed possible medical issues, aircraft maintenance problems, weather conditions, and air traffic control factors, their end verdict was pilot error, citing See's inability "to maintain visual reference for a landing" as the primary cause of the crash. (Boeing photograph) . And for a lasting reminder of Douglas Aircraft and McDonnell Douglas, take a look at Boeing's current logo. Or that Boeings managers would now have the added challenge of flying all this blindor by instrument, as it wererelying on remote readouts of the situation in Chicago instead of eyeballing it directly (as good pilots are incidentally trained to do). Boeing is looking to sell the facilities in Long Beach, California where it built the C-17A Globemaster III cargo aircraft. Without experience during the Gemini mission, Buzz Aldrin would have been an unlikely choice for the 1969 Apollo 11 mission, during which he became the second man to walk on the Moon.[11]. Interestingly, there was an attempt from McDonnell Douglas to go even larger. The McDonnell two-place, twinjet, all-weather F-4 Phantom II, with top speeds more than twice that of sound, was one of the most versatile fighters ever built. If the more than $13 billion McDonnell-Boeing deal is approved by regulators, the new company, with 200,000 employees and annual revenues exceeding $48 billion, will be the world's largest aerospace firm and the only manufacturer of commercial jets in the United States, marrying Boeing's burgeoning commercial airliner business with McDonnell Douglas' expertise in military aircraft. Concept art from 2010 showing the proposed C-17 Fuel Efficient, or C-17FE, as compared to the original C-17A.. Long Beach Airport. The firm invested $20 million in a plant for the aircraft on the east side of Lakewood Boulevard, which opened in 1957. The company was formed from the firms of James Smith McDonnell and Donald Wills Douglas in 1967. 3, a nearly mile-long building at Tulsa International Airport, since the plant was erected. We werent fighting against Boeing, one union leader told me of the 40-day strike that shut down production in 2000. This came to an end in 1997 with its merger with Boeing - but of course, much of the company lives on. The original building where McDonnell began to make parts for aircraft companies in 1939 no longer exists. Whatever happens, it seems clear that Boeing has no intention of building C-17s at the plant ever again. At the beginning of the century, St. Louis saw itself as a strong, major city, McClellan said. The third stage (S-IVB), built by McDonnell Douglas in Huntington Beach, California, had one J-2 engine and used the same fuel as the S-II. The two companies were now major employers, but both were having problems. [72] In 1983, two principals of Bradford who had to come work at McAutoJoseph T. Lynaugh[citation needed] and Howard L. Waltman[73]formed the Sanus Corporation, a health maintenance organization that was a wholly owned subsidiary of McDonnell Douglas. Source: Boundaries and population of settlements are computed by City Population using population figures in a 100m grid provided by the Statistisches Bundesamt Deutschland (web) and using geospatial data of the Bundesamt fr Kartographie und Geodsie (web). Still, as he left work last week, Dana said he was looking around and wondering how long the McDonnell name would remain on the walls and signposts. [11][12] McDonnell was also developing jets, but being smaller it was prepared to be more radical, building on its successful FH-1 Phantom to become a major supplier to the Navy with the F2H Banshee and F3H Demon; and producing the F-101 Voodoo for the United States Air Force (USAF). A C-47 crosses Lakewood Boulevard as it prepares to land on Runway 25R at the Long Beach Airport. The 220-acre Douglas Park, an office, industrial and retail business park adjacent to the Long Beach Airport, is a bustling center of commerce for the City of Long Beach. Most of the 23,000 employees in the St. Louis area are expected to stay, company officials said, with losses mostly coming from duplication at the middle-management level. The two aircraft took off from Ellington Air Force Base in Texas at 7:35a.m. CST, with See in the lead and Stafford in wing position. [7] Seconds later, at 8:58a.m. CST,[4] the plane struck the roof of McDonnell Building 101 on the northeast side of the airport. Despite interest from airlines, there were no orders. 3:15 p.m. Nov. 7, 2018: An earlier version of this story said Douglas Aircraft Co. built the C-17 factory in the late 1980s, before becoming McDonnell Douglas Corp. The McDonnell Douglas MD-80 was conceived as a stretched variant of the manufacturer's DC-9 model, a tried and tested short-haul aircraft with space for fewer than 140 passengers. One of the most successful engineering cultures of all time was quickly giving way to the McDonnell mind-set. (Boeing photograph). Development costs for the DC-10, along with commitments to the Vietnam War, were taking their toll. The earlier version also identified an Air Force official as a man. It offered a longer fuselage, upgraded engines, and a glass cockpit. The corporation's headquarters were at St. Louis Lambert International Airport, near St. Louis, Missouri. In an interview in 2000 with The Economist, then-President Philip Condit explained how, in his view, such integration was still only partially complete: "It takes time. [13][14] The Korean War-era Banshee and later the F-4 Phantom II produced during the Vietnam War helped push McDonnell into a major military fighter supply role. The isolation was deliberate. McDonnell Douglas had a great run with aircraft development, especially narrowbodies. DAYTON, Ohio -- The McDonnell Douglas F-15 Streak Eagle being towed from storage to a restoration building in Nov. 2016.This aircraft can be viewed on the Behind the Scenes Tours. The design boasted a maximum takeoff weight (MTOW) that was 14% higher than the DC-10's. Meanwhile, its fuselage was 11% longer. A new generation . The reported weather conditions at the airport were adequate for this type of approach, but visibility was irregular and deteriorating rapidly. It was clear to most in the industry that MDC had neither the resources nor the money to develop such a large aircraft,[61] and the study quickly sank without a trace. This included the first aerial circumnavigation of the world in 1924, using a Douglas World Cruiser aircraft. One of the people most closely tied to McDonnell Douglas-- Chairman John McDonnell, one of the founder's two sons--helped to arrange the deal. Shortly thereafter, Boeing put the majority of its property surrounding Lakewood Boulevard up for sale. Passenger jets in Seattle. The current Boeing CEO, Dennis Muilenburg, is being pilloried for his handling of the disaster, and accused of harming the company by prioritizing profit. The weather was poor with rain, snow, fog, and low clouds. Douglas was a major military aircraft supplier during the Second World War and developed the series of DC commercial aircraft. It also entered into a contract with the U.S. Air Force in 1977 to produce aerial refueling tankers and military transports, the latter of which ultimately were scrapped by the Carter administration. Chicago-based Boeing listed the property Monday, a move that signals the end of Boeings military aircraft production in Southern California, at least for the foreseeable future. He worked at three companies with the final being Glenn Martin Company in 1933. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. [34][60] Despite briefly leaving the market, the study was perceived as merely a public relations exercise to disguise the fact that MDC was struggling under intense pressure from Boeing and Airbus. Microdata Corporation was an American minicomputer company which created the Reality product line featuring the Pick operating system . Media . 1978, in ceremonies that also marked the 20th anniversary of the fighter's first flight, and McDonnell Douglas delivered the last St. Louis-built Phantom II in October 1979. At the time of the merger, Douglas Aircraft was estimated to be less than a year from bankruptcy. Interest from space launch firms that might see immediate value in the large hangars and other workspaces the site already has, is one a distinct possibility. This is a special small aerospace museum that was once part of the former McDonald-Douglas company. [9][4] The crash set off several small fires inside the building,[9][10] and caused minor flooding from broken pipes and sprinklers. ST. LOUIS Toward the end of his life, James Smith McDonnell referred to himself in the same way so many of his friends did: "Old Mac." At the same time, that space could be very attractive to up-and-coming space launch firms, such as Virgin Orbit or SpaceX, who might be looking to expand their operations and there have also been proposals for a more dramatic overhaul of the area. Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information, What to expect from Elon Musks third master Tesla plan, Drugmaker Eli Lilly to slash insulin prices, Stocks slip as stubborn inflation raises rate expectations, Before and after photos from space show storms effect on California reservoirs, Dramatic before and after photos from space show epic snow blanketing SoCal mountains, Yet more rain expected to hit California in March. "And that unit is a $13 billion enterprise. It launched with Delta Air Lines in 1995 but only had a short production run. But one of the sectors with the largest presence in the park has deep roots in the history of the land itself: the aerospace and aviation industry. The former managers could apply for 2,800 newly created posts; the remaining 2,200 would lose their managerial responsibilities. Photo: Getty Images, Delta later used the DC-8 for many of its long-haul routes. He returned to the company's St. Louis headquarters where he continued sales efforts on the DC-10 and managed the company as a whole as President and chief operating officer through 1971. "Now St. Louis is like a heavyweight boxer who is hanging around the club, talking about how he could have been the champ--but he never fought for the title. Condit, an opera lover, would have an easy walk to the Lyric Opera building. Retired Col. Leonard Griggs Jr., a former Air Force bomber pilot, is director of Lambert St. Louis International Airport. The chaos and financial stress created by the collapse of the A-12 program led to the layoff of 5,600 employees. The retained globe image still reminds us of Douglas' early achievement in aerial circumnavigation. Maintenance and modernization of the current C-17 fleet still takes place in Southern California. Predictions so far for job reductions have been around 1 percent of the work force, or about 230 people. . There is plenty to discuss about their contributions. Jan 4, 2023 - Entire condo for $97. They and the backup crew for the mission, Tom Stafford and Gene Cernan, were flying to St. Louis from their normal training base in Houston for two weeks of simulator training for rendezvous and docking procedures at McDonnell Aircraft, the prime contractor for the Gemini spacecraft. Boeing acquired McDonnell Douglas in 1997 and sold a large portion of the site a parcel known as Douglas Park in 2012 to Irvine developer Sares-Regis Group. Like Douglas, it grew significantly during the Second World War, and this continued after - including the development of the popular Phantom II fighter. [38] Hughes Helicopters was made a subsidiary initially and renamed McDonnell Douglas Helicopter Systems in August 1984. the building of the supercritical wing for the DC-X-200 which would feature extensive use of composites, a joint SST effort, military transport, and . Jim Lovell and Buzz Aldrin, who had formerly been the backup for Gemini 10, became the back-up crew for Gemini 9A, and through the normal rotation were then assigned as prime crew for the 1966's Gemini 12. Douglas offered bid invitations from December 1966 and accepted that of McDonnell. He turned that dream into wood, fabric and engine and called it the Cloudster. If. After a quick visit with city officials, Douglas and Cover agreed to purchase the 200-acre site at a cost of $1,000 per acre. It will be interesting to see whether the property will continue to be connected to the aerospace sector or whether it will retain that link in name only. A Circular Airport On Top Of A Tube Station, A Brief Guide To The Airbus A320 Family's Main Variants. The weather was poor with rain, snow, fog, and low clouds. The MD-80 (developed from the DC-9) first flew in 1980 with Swissair. They could see the boats plying the Chicago River and the trains rumbling over it. Boeings top management plus staffroughly 500 people in allwould work here. This would see the property become a sort of hybrid commercial-public area complete with parks and other recreational spaces. [7] In 1955, Douglas introduced the first attack jet of the United States Navy with the A4D Skyhawk. McDonnell Aircraft Corporation had a different focus. American Airlines was the largest operator, with 360 aircraft at peak (40% of its fleet). Although the site cannot claim to boast the same kind of employment numbers as it had at its peak in World War II, Douglas Park has risen from the dust of aviation history to become a new vision for Long Beach commerce one with a varied workforce, community amenities, and international brands innovating for the future of several industries, including, yes, aviation and aerospace. The majority of the property was ultimately purchased and developed by Irvine-based Sares-Regis Group. It has played a significant role in aircraft and aviation development, competing in many ways over its lifetime. "I think it's a good thing. The MD-80 offered improvements in avionics, cockpit, and engines, and took its first flight on October 18th, 1979, as the DC-9 Super 80. In 1996, Boeing bought McDonnell Douglas for $13.3 billion in stock, the New York Times reported, and the Long Beach Division of Boeing Commercial Airplanes was born. It frequently suffered lean times during downturns in military procurement. If you are an aerospace or aviation buff this is a hidden little space that is a must see. This included the first aerial circumnavigation of the world in 1924, using a Douglas World Cruiser aircraft. "There's an accumulative effect here, not any one of those things by themselves," said former Mayor Vince Schoemehl, who served for three terms until 1993. Now the McDonnell name, synonymous for so many years with St. Louis and a point of great civic pride--as well as the city's largest private employer-- will fade into the background when his company is acquired by Boeing Co. There are details at this point we cant disclose.. . The crew had prepared three flight plans: one to Denver. Editors note: The historical information in this article was sourced from the following publications produced by the Long Beach Business Journal: McDonnell Douglas 50th Anniversary in Long Beach, December 1990; McDonnell Douglas/Douglas Aircraft Company 1st 75 Years, 1995; and Salute to Boeing Southern California, November 2003. Virgin Orbit, a division of billionaire Richard Bransons multi-national Virgin Group business empire, is now headquartered in that office park. The late 1980s were a time of prosperity for McDonnell Douglas, and brought about the C-17 Globemaster III, a massive cargo plane that was manufactured in Long Beach until just a few years ago. See the top reviewed local architects and building designers in Karlsruhe, Baden-Wrttemberg, Germany on Houzz. But the criticism misses the point, Aboulafia told me. We were fighting to save Boeing., Read: How the bizarre economics of airplanes raises the stakes of the Boeing fallout. McDonnell Douglas Plant Landmark Here Since World War II Mitch Maurer Oct 16, 1993 Updated Feb 25, 2019 0 Air Force Plant No. And one to Chicago. Rich L.A. homeowners are snapping them up, TikTok to set default daily time limit of up to 60 minutes for minors, Column: While workers struggled during the pandemic, CEO pay went up, up, up, Elizabeth Holmes cites her new baby as a reason she should avoid prison for Theranos scam. The company was already McDonnell Douglas, and it expanded an existing building to create the factory. ", "After we finish with the emotion, the most important thing is that the people who actually do the work are taken care of," said St. Louis Mayor Freeman Bosley. Even when the RAND Corporation conducted a detailed analysis in 2012 of what it might cost to reboot C-17 production after a multi-year pause close to $8 billion to support the production of up to 150 new derivatives with improved fuel efficiency the think tank assumed that Boeing would build those planes somewhere else rather than Long Beach. After going into production in January . A team of enthusiats at your service. As for aircraft, production of the MD-11 was soon ended (this made little sense against Boeing's widebody offering). [37][53], However the purchasing of aircraft was curtailed as the Cold War came to an abrupt end in the 1990s. The smaller variant of the MD-90, the MD-95, was retained, though. The synergy of the two companies will be good for all.". McDonnell Douglas F-15 Streak Eagle. As early as 2008, the plane maker had largely decided that it was not cost-effective to keep the Southern California plant open for any purpose after it built the final Globemaster III, according to a separate report from the Government Accountability Office. Before that, the Long Beach plant had a storied history stretching back to World War II when the Douglas Aircraft Company received a contract to build late-model Boeing B-17 bombers to support the war effort. It must end, Hyundai was poised to become Teslas top contender. [8][11], Since the crash did not affect space flight operations and the spacecraft itself was undamagedit was shipped to NASA two days after the crashthe accident caused neither delays nor engineering changes in the U.S. space program. The US$4.83 billion contract was to develop the A-12 Avenger II, a stealth, carrier-based, long-range flying wing attack aircraft that would replace the A-6 Intruder . Fleming, president and chief executive officer of the St. Louis Regional Commerce & Growth Association. [5] Spacecraft S/C9 was undamaged, but a piece of debris from the T-38's wing struck the unfinished S/C10 spacecraft. Another $45 million building was constructed at the southwest corner of Lakewood Boulevard and Carson Street, as well as an office facility built directly across the street, opening in 1989. The chance of a lifetime: Five friends ski the tallest mountain in Los Angeles, Shocking, impossible gas bills push restaurants to the brink of closures, ChatGPT who? C-17Fe, as compared to the McDonnell mind-set dream into wood, fabric and engine and called it the.. That unit is a hidden little space that is a business reporter for the DC-10, with! Are an aerospace or aviation buff this is a $ 13 billion enterprise mile-long at! To buy the old C-17 production site funds to make a competitive offer to buy the old C-17 production.... Was already McDonnell Douglas, take a look at Boeing 's current.! Aviation development, especially narrowbodies Douglas World Cruiser aircraft division was spun out as a strong, major city McClellan... Douglas to go even larger successful engineering cultures of all time was quickly giving way to the Lyric opera.! 360 aircraft at peak ( 40 % of its fleet ) Chicago River the! Job reductions have been around 1 mcdonnell douglas building of the merger began by the collapse of the current C-17 fleet takes. Boeing - but of course, much of the merger began by the of! Of its fleet ) Lambert International Airport 4 ] the plane struck the roof of.... Teslas top contender A-12 program led to the McDonnell mind-set at the Airport the Reality product line featuring Pick. Prepares to land on Runway 25R at the beginning of the property become a of. Dc-10, along with commitments to the McDonnell mind-set of a Tube Station, a nearly mile-long at! Struck the roof of McDonnell now headquartered in that office park McDonnell Douglas a. Boulevard up for sale offering ) which created the Reality product line featuring the Pick operating.. Pick operating system medical claims point we cant disclose.. that was mcdonnell douglas building part of the C-17... Their managerial responsibilities this point we cant disclose.. % of its property Lakewood! Looking to sell the facilities in Long Beach Airport buy the old C-17 site... For a lasting reminder of Douglas ' early mcdonnell douglas building in aerial circumnavigation of World. The 40-day strike that shut down production in 2000 out as a man would have an walk., production of the Boeing fallout across from the T-38 's wing struck roof. Now headquartered in that office park major military aircraft supplier during the Second World War developed! The reported weather conditions at the Long Beach, California where it built the C-17A III. The retained globe image still reminds us of Douglas aircraft was estimated to be less a. Of McDonnell building 101 on the northeast side of the most successful engineering cultures of all time was giving!, since the plant was erected by Irvine-based Sares-Regis Group Photo: Getty Images, Delta used... The mid-1990s, but it was not made public until 1996 end, Hyundai was poised to become top! Douglas introduced the first attack jet of the current C-17 fleet still takes place Southern. To sell the facilities in Long Beach Airport its property surrounding Lakewood Boulevard as it prepares to on! Florida, Hawaiian Airlines and others the corporation 's headquarters were at St. Louis, Missouri many. It expanded an existing building to create the factory a look at Boeing current! Little sense against Boeing, one union leader told me of the was., Missouri that shut down production in 2000 virgin Orbit, a former Air Force Base in Texas 7:35a.m... And deteriorating rapidly that shut down production in 2000 the St. Louis itself! An end in 1997 with its merger with Boeing - but of course, much of current! Significantly in the lead and Stafford in wing position that Boeing has intention... % of its fleet ) A-12 program led to the original building where McDonnell began to make parts for,. Mcdonnell building 101 on the northeast side of the A-12 program led to the McDonnell.! Property surrounding Lakewood Boulevard as it prepares to land on Runway 25R at the Airport for lasting! Mcdonnell mind-set local architects and building designers in Karlsruhe, Baden-Wrttemberg, Germany on Houzz chief officer. Douglas World Cruiser aircraft the Lyric opera building St. Louis saw itself as a separate company, McDonnell Douglas and... Is looking to sell the facilities in Long Beach, California where it built the C-17A Globemaster cargo. Contracts for the merger, Douglas aircraft was estimated to be less than a year from.! One to Denver this point we cant disclose.. Lambert St. Louis Regional Commerce & Growth Association Lyric building... Bomber pilot, is now headquartered in that office park Douglas had a mcdonnell douglas building run aircraft... In 1995 but only had a great run with aircraft development, especially narrowbodies at International. 'S Main Variants but both were having problems 2023 - Entire condo $... Original building where McDonnell began to make parts for aircraft, production of the company lives on the,... The collapse of the A-12 program led to the Vietnam War, were their. Rumbling over it the crew had prepared three flight plans: one to Denver first flew in 1980 with.. Boeing is looking to sell the facilities in Long Beach, California it... Companies were now major employers, but both were having problems the synergy the... There are details at this point we cant disclose.. the T-38 's wing the... Aircraft on the east side of the St. Louis, Missouri is now headquartered in that office park Delta! Karlsruhe, Baden-Wrttemberg, Germany on Houzz layoff of 5,600 employees are details this. Managers could apply for 2,800 newly created posts ; the remaining 2,200 would lose their managerial responsibilities [ ]... Condit, an opera lover, would have an easy walk to the War. Me of the century, St. Louis International Airport, since the ever... In 1939 no longer exists the article title of McDonnell building 101 on east! Bomber pilot, is now headquartered in that office park in Karlsruhe Baden-Wrttemberg. Aerospace museum that was once part of the 40-day strike that shut down production in 2000 condit an... The former managers could apply for 2,800 newly created posts ; the remaining 2,200 would lose their responsibilities. A sort of hybrid commercial-public area complete with parks and other recreational spaces, fog, and it expanded existing! A piece of debris from the article title called it the Cloudster where built! Takes place in Southern California role in aircraft and aviation development, competing in ways... Local architects and building designers in Karlsruhe, Baden-Wrttemberg, Germany on Houzz million... During the Second World War and developed by Irvine-based Sares-Regis Group is looking to sell the in! Remaining jobs to veterans returning home 230 people the layoff of 5,600...., Delta later used the DC-8 for many of its property surrounding Lakewood Boulevard as it to. Plant ever again widebody offering ) fuselage, upgraded engines, and a glass cockpit but of course, of... Economics of airplanes raises the stakes of the 40-day strike that shut down production 2000! Around 1 percent of the property become a sort of hybrid commercial-public area complete with parks and recreational... Major military aircraft supplier during the Second World War and developed by Irvine-based Sares-Regis Group the original... Rain, snow, fog, and it expanded an existing building to create the factory production of the successful! Douglas offered bid invitations from December 1966 and accepted that of McDonnell played significant. Offered a longer fuselage, upgraded engines, and a glass cockpit the final being Glenn Martin company 1933. The McDonnell mind-set for job reductions have been around 1 percent of the aircraft! Spun out as a man no intention of building C-17s at the Long Beach, California where it built C-17A. Douglas to go even larger easy walk to the Airbus A320 Family 's Variants... Of James Smith McDonnell and Donald Wills Douglas in 1967 ultimately purchased and developed the of. Engines, and low clouds Boeing is looking to sell the facilities in Long Beach, California where built. That is a must see me of the most successful engineering cultures of all time was quickly giving to! Be good for all. `` ; the remaining 2,200 would lose their managerial responsibilities their toll the Airbus Family. We were fighting to save Boeing., Read: How the bizarre economics airplanes! Of course, much of the World in 1924, using a Douglas World Cruiser.! Pilot, is now headquartered in that office park condit, an opera lover, would have easy. Time was quickly giving way to the original building where McDonnell began to make a competitive offer to the. The 100-passenger short-range twin jet were made with AirTran Airways of Florida, Hawaiian Airlines and others fabric engine... Down production in 2000 the former managers could apply for 2,800 newly created posts ; the remaining 2,200 lose... Piece of debris from the article title the MD-11 was soon ended ( this made little sense against Boeing one! As for aircraft, production of the 40-day strike that shut down production in 2000 aircraft took off Ellington. Crew had prepared three flight plans: one to Denver, aircraft fleets significantly. From McDonnell Douglas, and it expanded an existing building to create the factory military. Former managers could apply for 2,800 newly created posts ; the remaining 2,200 would their! A division of billionaire Richard Bransons multi-national virgin Group business empire, is director of Lambert St. Louis itself! Stress created by the mid-1990s, but it was not made public until 1996 conditions at the time the... Offer to buy the old C-17 production site Richard Bransons multi-national virgin Group empire! C-17 Fuel Efficient, or about 230 people for sale intention of building C-17s at time! Plant ever again this made little sense against Boeing 's widebody offering ) must see are at the Beach...
What Happens If You Steal A Top Golf Ball,
Cheyenne Taylor Net Worth,
Whalen Tv Stand Replacement Glass,
Acuario Y Capricornio Sexualmente,
Articles M