Moreover, cultural, social, and political tensions arose between the foreign American population and the local population in Liberia. \text{Cash}& \$ 100,000 &\$ 200,000\\ Required North and South white Americans want to colonization the African American slaves, it was response to for making African Americans slaves. The earliest womens colleges were founded in the 1830s: the Georgia Female College in Macon, Georgia (now Wesleyan College), founded in 1836, and Mount Holyoke Female Seminary in South Hadley, Massachusetts (Now Mount Holyoke College), founded in 1837. Named after Thomas More's sixteenth-century novel Utopia, an outline of a perfect society. The Second Great Awakening manifested itself somewhat differently regionally. Many southerners feared an uprising from within by the abolitionists. \text{Certificate of Deposit}& 225,000& \\ Why did so many prominent white Americans, from both the North and South, support the colonization of freed slaves? The idea that social ills once considered incurable could in fact be eliminated. The difference were common school and institution was open to all children and were getting educated, a free training for individuals. What were the aims of prisons, asylums, and other institutions in this period of social -The Owenites originated in Britain and that practice made its way to Indiana, which makes it international in scope because it aimed to spread the ideas of this society around the world. Each of these movements worked for freedom and emancipation and to grant a greater body of rights to two of the groups on the periphery of American society. Finally, asylums were established for treatment and housing the mentally ill. Dorothea Lynde Dix was instrumental in the reform effort that established state mental asylums. Turner, who claimed to have experienced religious visions inspired by the Holy Spirit, used Biblical passages and his account of the visions to recruit more than seventy followers, both slave and free blacks, and incite rebellion. These communities differed greatly in structure and motivation. David Walker, an African American abolitionist, called for a unified global black voice against slavery in his Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World. Both were popularly-rooted movements that emphasized conversion and a spiritual rebirth through personal religious experiences. 30.4130.4130.41 KEY TERMS: 1. 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Far more women than men were converted during the revivals of the Second Great Awakening. Two of the most significant reform movements to come out of the reform period of 1820-1840 were the anti-slavery movement and the women's rights movement. Black and white abolitionists often had different agendas by the 1840s, and certainly in the 1850s. Many women had greater freedom of expression in the church, but far fewer were granted leadership roles and authority. The antebellum reform movements came soon after the market revolution. One of the most prominent abolitionists of the era was William Lloyd Garrison, publisher of the abolitionist newspaper The Liberator. The amendment was passed after years of efforts by temperance societies throughout the country. In many cases, within the Garrisonian movement in particular, the role of the black speaker or the black writer or the black abolitionist was, in some ways, prescribed, as the famous case of Frederick Douglass' relationship with the Garrisionians. \text{Depreciation of Plant and Equipment and Amortization}\\ The result was the creation of penitentiaries, which sought to transform criminals into law abiding citizens through hard work, religious instruction, and isolation from the corruption of social vices. The angel led him to a hillside near his fathers farm and revealed the Book of Mormon, etched on golden tablets. What were the different varieties of abolitionism? One of the defining characteristics of the Second Great Awakening was large gatherings at religious revivals. Do not delete this text first. Its roots lay in the revivals of the Second Great Awakening, where religious reformers called for individuals to lead clean lives and to redeem their sinning neighbors. \quad\text{Total Investments}& \$ 5,200,000 &\$ 3,200,000\\ Often, white abolitionists knowingly or unknowingly exploited stereotypes in their abolitionist efforts. In late August of 1831, Turner and his followers launched the rebellion. The driving force behind the Latter Day Saint movement was its founder, Joseph Smith, Jr. Gabriels brother, Martin, was recognized by the local black community as a lay-preacher. - challenged white Americans to face up to the reality that men and women no different form themselves were being held in bondage. Saw both individuals and society at large as capable of indefinite improvement. Women formed a large part of the membership of the Society and the movement, and they were seen by many as the American voice of morality. \text{Less Accumulated Depreciation and Amortization}& (4,000,000) &(3,800,000)\\ Workhouses were established to keep the poor from drunkenness, idleness, and gambling. Retained Earnings for 2013 The Antebellum Era was the first of four major reform periods in American history. The LibreTexts libraries arePowered by NICE CXone Expertand are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. Mann and others charged public schools with teaching not only academic subjects, but also morality and discipline. Others simply tempered their message of spiritual equality and did not overtly challenge slavery. Determined to make abolitionism a political movement, the seceders formed the Liberty Party, which nominated James G. Birney as its candidate for president. \quad\text{of \$100,000 in 2012 and \$160,000 in 2013)}& 600,000 &500,000\\ The antebellum women participated in the public sphere with their own groups that they made themselves after being excluded from government and politics. Meanwhile in the United States, the movement lost steam during the 1840s and 1850s as the tensions between free and slave states escalated. When women joined in the abolition movement arguments, they began to realize and become concerned over their own rights. The movement began in the 1830s and revealed the growing consensus among northern free blacks on the importance of moral reform. c. 1,341.001,341.001,341.00 \text{Amortization of Patent} &&125,000\\ Whiskey was a frontier staple for generations because it preserved the harvest; in 1791, a Hamiltonian attempt to tax whiskey to alleviate the national debt resulted in the Whiskey Rebellion. His many autobiographies, including Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, were instrumental in giving voice to the enslaved and black Americans and inspired generations of black leaders and reformers who called for freedom for all populations. Camp meetings were so called because, on the sparsely populated frontier, many attendees had to travel long distances to the meeting and camp out at the location. The convention ended with the issue of the Declaration of Sentiments, a document that largely paralleled the Declaration of Independence, and leveled a series of charges against the patriarchy of the United States that had been the source of the oppression of women. The sisters spoke before state legislations and were among the first women to speak in public forums before mixed sex groups. A woman could not have a personal bank account (In England until the 1960s, a woman could only have a joint bank account with her husband. In particular, English abolitionists were outspoken and powerful in effecting change in the British global empire. \text{Machinery and Equipment}& 8,000,000 &7,300,000\\ What were the major tactics of antebellum reform? )%2F13%253A_Antebellum_Revival_and_Reform%2F13.01%253A_Religious_Reforms_in_the_Antebellum_United_States, \( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}}}\) \( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash{#1}}} \)\(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)\(\newcommand{\AA}{\unicode[.8,0]{x212B}}\), 13.2: Cultural Movements- Transcendentalism, Utopian Communities, and the Cult of Domesticity, Second Great Awakening in the South and in Appalachia, Catherine Locks, Sarah Mergel, Pamela Roseman, Tamara Spike & Marie Lasseter, source@https://oer.galileo.usg.edu/history-textbooks/1/, status page at https://status.libretexts.org. "The Antebellum reforms was a new, more radical anti-slavery movement that emerged by the early 1830s. A Massachusetts schoolteacher was the leading advocate of more humane treatment of the insane, who at the time generally were placed in jails alongside debtors and hardened criminals. e. 111.78111.78111.78. But one of the greatest frustrations that many black abolitionists faced was the racism they sometimes experienced from their fellow white abolitionists. utopian communities (p. 434) December 31 For the most part the reforms were a part of internal turmoil and the international scope was very limited. Add texts here. Antebellum Reform Americans after 1815 embraced many religios and social movements in pursuit of solutions for the problems, evils, and misfortunes of mankind. White abolitionists warned him that people would cease to believe that he had ever been enslaved if he sounded too educated and advised him to leave the complex analysis to the whites. However, abolitionism developed significantly over the 1800s. \text{Income TaxesDeferred}&& 170,000\\ This message of freedom was most clearly expressed in its associations with slave rebellions. (2) The bonds payable have a maturity (face) value of $4 million. 13 A House Divided - Revi, DepreciationofPlantandEquipmentandAmortization, BasicEarningsperCommonShare(Basedon1,600,000, DilutedEarningsperShare(AssumingConversionof, AccountsReceivable(NetofEstimatedUncollectibles, of$100,000in2012and$160,000in2013), LessAccumulatedDepreciationandAmortization, TotalLiabilitiesandShareholdersEquity, Operations Management: Sustainability and Supply Chain Management, John David Jackson, Patricia Meglich, Robert Mathis, Sean Valentine, Information Technology Project Management: Providing Measurable Organizational Value, Anderson's Business Law and the Legal Environment, Comprehensive Volume, David Twomey, Marianne Jennings, Stephanie Greene, Bible Survey- Final EXAM !!!! Many mentally ill individuals eventually ended up imprisoned as well, as no facilities for the treatment of the mentally ill existed. Horrified, she worked to publicize the conditions of the jail and gain public support for its improvement. Additionally, some of the conspirators were recruited at the Hungary Baptist Meeting House, the church Gabriel and his brothers attended. The temperance movement stemmed in part from new social conditions such as increasing urbanization immigration. The ____________ refers to an area of New York that was so affected by the Second Great Awakening that there was no more fuel to burn for the fire of religion. \quad\text{Total Current Assets}& \$ 2,925,000 &\$ 2,400,000\\ Antebellum Reforms: A Women's Rights Movement. Revivals also created a widely known group of respected black leaders, many among them preachers associated with the movement. \text{Salaries Payable}& 300,000& 240,000\\ Slaves faced arbitrary power abuses from whites; they coped by creating family and community . By the 1820s, the Methodist and Baptist churches were the largest evangelical denominations. Garrison refused to become more moderate in his demands, and The Liberator was published continuously for the next 35 years until the end of slavery in the United States. Some of this came from a lack of understanding; in other cases, it was overt prejudice. \textbf{Current Liabilities}\\ Meanwhile, many doctors were citing large amounts of alcohol as injurious to an individuals health. Consolidated Statement of Income and Gabriel, a blacksmith, was often leased out to work for others; in this more relaxed system, he was able to move more freely and recruit conspirators, a pattern that was only enhanced by the summers revival meetings. The similarities and differences between the common school and institution like asylums, orphanages, and prisons that were created by reformers are the similarities were the intent to remake human beings into free, morally upright citizens and shared with communitarians and religious believers. For many, religious revivals, popularly called camp meetings, were their first real experience with organized religion. Reformers worked to create public institutions to deal with the social problems. "Big R" reform is hard to do and there are few examples of success in developing countries so far. The plot was foiled when word of the conspirators plans were leaked; Vesey and thirty-four others were hanged, and thirty-seven more were exiled from the city as a result. She assisted in the research for his 1839 indictment of slavery, American Slavery as it is: Testimony of a Thousand Witnesses. Turner himself evaded capture for months. Early nineteenth-century America was a time of reform. For the most part, the African American community did not see colonization or repatriation as a viable alternative to emancipation and abolition. The market revolution had changed American society in many ways. At the same time, the Second Great Awaking stressed the notion of personal responsibility and the responsibility of a person to the sins of neighbors. \text{Retained Earnings, December 31, 2012}&& 2,800,000\\ This experience empowered many women, who were encouraged to speak out, show devotion, and express themselves as spiritual equals. During this same period, debtors prisons began to disappear as reformers advocated reforming the poor rather than imprisoning them. The American Anti-Slavery Society (AASS) (1833-1870) was an abolitionist society founded by William Lloyd Garrison, and Arthur Tappan. In the early nineteenth century, a succession of religious revivals collectively known as the Second Great Awakening remade the nation's religious landscape. Dubbed by historians, one of 100 or so reform communities that were established before the Civil War. In particular, women played a large role in various aspects of reform. There was a rise in literacy due to a few revolutions that sparked hope and motivation among blacks who suffered through slavery. \text{Interest Expense} &&455,000\\ She conducted an eighteen month study of the jails and almshouses of Massachusetts and, in 1843, made a presentation to the Massachusetts legislature, reporting that the mentally ill were housed in cages, closets, cellars and pensChained, naked, beaten with rods, and lashed into obedience. A movement for change was already underway when Dix began her campaign for reform; for instance, Quakers had already founded several asylums for treatment. \text{REVENUES}\\ Discuss any differences between the preferences of men and women. The daughters of a prominent slave owner, they spoke of their personal knowledge and experience of the system. Reformers' definition of the free individual was the person who internalized the practice of self-control. )%2F13%253A_Antebellum_Revival_and_Reform%2F13.03%253A_American_Antebellum_Reform, \( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}}}\) \( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash{#1}}} \)\(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)\(\newcommand{\AA}{\unicode[.8,0]{x212B}}\), 13.2: Cultural Movements- Transcendentalism, Utopian Communities, and the Cult of Domesticity, Abolitionism and the Womens Rights Movements, Catherine Locks, Sarah Mergel, Pamela Roseman, Tamara Spike & Marie Lasseter, source@https://oer.galileo.usg.edu/history-textbooks/1/, status page at https://status.libretexts.org. The emerging American middle class participated in reform not only for religious reasons, but also to confirm their new social status. In 1822, Charleston was home to a large African Methodist Episcopal congregation, as well as large numbers of Methodist and Baptist African American congregations. Elizabeth Cady Stanton raised the issue of woman's suffrage for the first time, the principal author, modeled the Seneca Falls Declaration of Sentiments on the Declaration of Independence - the document added "women" to Jefferson's axiom "all men are created equal." The supporters and opponents of temperance understood the meaning of freedom differently because they believed that banning of alcoholic beverages would eliminate a number of problems in the U.S. Also, the opportunity to increase to compete for economic gain and individual self-improvement. She assisted in the 1850s abolitionists were outspoken and powerful in effecting change in the British empire! 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to what degree was antebellum reform international in scope