2012 May 28;18(20):2462-71. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i20.2462. Case report: A 53-year-old female presented with globus sensation, mild dysphagia, nocturnal breathing problems and 'hot potato voice' dysphonia. What are the symptoms and prognosis for a benign reactive lymphoid hyperplasia of the neck lymph node? The diagnosis of FLH is of clinical importance as it may be confused with malignant lymphoma, both on clinical examination and histopathology. For potential or actual medical emergencies, immediately call 911 or your local emergency service. For immunoglobulin gene rearrangement, we used IdentiClone IGH, IGK and IGL Gene Clonality assays with gel detection (InVivoScribe Technologies, San Diego, CA, USA). volume15, Articlenumber:30 (2020) 2). As stated before, the depth of invasion is a major prognostic indicator. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Vose JM. Discussions concentrating on NHL of the base of the tongue have focused on the histopathology and lack details regarding progress in the treatment response and prognosis. Aggregates of lymphoid tissue are all over the oral mucosa, but they are often prominent in the soft palate, uvula, and pharynx. Primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the ovary is of a germinal Centre B-cell-like phenotype. Pribuisiene R, Uloza V, Siupsinskiene N, Butkus E, Kupcinskas L. Al-Asoom L, Al-Rubaish AM, El-Munshid HA, Al-Nafaie AN, Bukharie HA, Abdulrahman IS. The most common histologic subtype was diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), which occurred in five cases. Get prescriptions or refills through a video chat, if the doctor feels the prescriptions are medically appropriate. By using this website, you agree to our sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Work-up of globus: assessing the benefits of neck ultrasound and videofluorography. Image courtesy of James J. Sciubba, DMD, PhD. At the time of manuscript preparation, there were only four articles indexed in Medline that described PTCL and tongue involvement (Table 4, [12,13,14,15]). Three patients are alive with disease and 2 are alive without disease. Neville BW, Damm DD, Allen CM, Chi AC. This distribution is similar to that in previous reports [18,19,20,21,22] .The most common location was the base of the tongue. Am J Gastroenterol. the ENT DR was lovely. 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FOIA 2017;58:203342. These cells are designed to fight. Other features include presence of white spaces and lymphocytes (large cells) within sinuses. The presence of an excessively large tongue, which may be congenital or may develop as a result of a tumor or edema due to obstruction of lymphatic vessels, or it may occur in association with hyperpituitarism or acromegaly. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the Epub 2009 Jun 26. Immunohistochemically, the atypical lymphoid cells were positive for CD20, CD79a, PAX-5, CD5, CyclinD1 protein, and Ki-67 antigen (labelling 25%). Jrvenp P, Ilmarinen T, Geneid A, Pietarinen P, Kinnari TJ, Rihkanen H, Ruohoalho J, Markkanen-Leppnen M, Bck L, Arkkila P, Aaltonen LM. Our HPV-infected patient indeed had a favourable prognosis, and he was alive and free of disease when this manuscript was prepared (68months). Am J Surg Pathol. As both peripheral T cell lymphoma and MCL are extremely rare in the tongue base, we would like to describe these two cases in detail as follows. 2010;47:846. We not only report on the general clinicopathological features, including age, gender, tumour location, histological subtypes, grading and staging, but also provide important information related to prognosis and treatment. Virchows Arch. Histological features include distention or engorgement of both subcapsular and intraparenchymal sinuses by benign histiocytes which may be hemophagocytic. This procedure was carried out under general anesthetic in the form of a modified adenotonsillectomy, using a Boyle Davis gag for exposure and a combination of monopolar cautery for the palatine tonsils and suction cautery for subtotal ablation of the lingual tonsils. All these factors might explain why the patient survived only 3months after diagnosis although he was in an early stage and had a low IPI score. e. HPV DNA ISH showed brown punctate dots in the tumour cell nucleus or cytoplasm (400x).f. Nathu RM, Mendenhall NP, Almasri NM, Lynch JW. For T cell receptor rearrangement, the IdentiClone TCRB, TCRG, and TCRD Gene Clonality Assays were used with gel detection (InVivoScribe Technologies, San Diego, CA, USA). Clinical images of entities may be beneficial for documentation purposes, as they may be viewed during future appointments should there be recurrences. Diagn Cytopathol. Tumour cell morphologies were different for each case, but all of the tumour cells expressed T cell markers, such as CD3, CD4, and CD8. Samples were assayed using a BOND HPV probe set specific to HPV subtypes 16, 18, 31, 33 and 51 (Bond Ready-to-Use ISH HPV Probe, CAT # PB0829) on the Leica BOND-MAX system. Lee YY, Van Tassel P, Nauert C, North LB, Jing BS. Imaging showed a well-bordered cystic mass (2cm in diameter) at the right base of the tongue that extended into the pharynx, and so a biopsy was performed. government site. 1997;76:356. Etemad-Moghadam S, Tirgary F, Keshavarz S, Alaeddini M. Head and neck non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: a 20-year demographic study of 381 cases. 1970 Dec;8(3):413-24. Mohd Ridah LJ, A Talib N, Muhammad N, Hussain FA, Zainuddin N. p16 Tumor Suppressor Gene Methylation in Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma: A Study of 88 Cases at Two Hospitals in the East Coast of Malaysia. Although nearly 10% of DLBCL cases are reported to be EBV positive and are mainly seen in elderly people [28], EBV was not detected in any of our DLBCL cases. I understand that this is benign, but what could be the cause? Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. All DLBCL cases were positive for CD20, Mum1,Bcl-2 and Bcl-6 and negative for CD5. Narla S, Annapurneswari S, Parameswaran A, Nair S. Peripheral T-cell lymphoma of tongue: Report of a rare case and review of literature. 2018 Aug;275(8):1945-1953. doi: 10.1007/s00405-018-5041-1. In the study of Eisuke et al., hypermethylation of the p16 promotor indicated a poor prognosis [35]. 2012;87:6049. Leuk Res. 2016;20:332. https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-029X.185926. Human papillomavirus (HPV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) are important aetiological risk factors for tumours of the head and neck. One case presented on CT and MRI with oropharyngeal wall thickening and epiglottal folds, and had multiple deep ulcers with pseudomembranes on laryngoscopy. Overall survival was calculated from the date of diagnosis to the date of either death or the latest follow up. Three patients (cases 1, 2, 7) received R-CHOP, 3 (cases 46) patients received CHOP, and 1 patient (case 3) received GDP and CHOP therapy. https://www.linkedin.com/showcase/4000114/. Baran et al. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. Except in one case of four, all of our patients were alive through follow-up. The condition mainly affects adult patients, ranging. Studies on the survival time for patients with DLBCL in the head and neck are controversial [24, 36, 37]; here, we added that lymphoma arising from the base of the tongue has a good prognosis. Patricia Uherova et al. PET-CT/CT/MRI scans of the cancerous areas were reviewed to assess the extension of the lesions, including to the bone and thorax. Article This conditions means you have a increase in their number which is a benign condition as the name implies.. What is the treatment of reactive lymphoid hyperplasia? 2010;77:96105. A man in his fourth decade was admitted with pharyngeal foreign body sensation for two months. May SA, Jones D, Medeiros LJ, Duvic M, Prieto VG, Lazar AJ. 2008;88:2068. Cases of DLBCL, NOS were further divided based on immunohistochemistry into two subtypes, GC and NGC. Lee JH, Lee SH. Ear Nose Throat J. Lymphoid Hyperplasia i was referred to ENT by my GP because of a recurring sore throat. The follicles are cytologically polymorphous, are often polarized, and vary in size and shape. Shimada K. Molecular pathogenesis and treatment strategy in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Severe benign LH is unusual in the head and neck region, but the diagnosis should be entertained on the part of the clinician both clinically and histologically when lymphoma is suspectedparticularly in the oral cavity. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. All 7 lymphomas were localized at the base of the tongue. 1984 Apr;151(1):123-6. doi: 10.1148/radiology.151.1.6322222. Her IPI score was 3 (high risk group). No progression to malignancy has been reported, although one multisite case within the oral cavity was found to represent MALT-type lymphoma [1]. In the literature, the patients with peripheral T cell lymphoma of the tongue base were middle aged with no obvious differences in gender distribution. Radiol Clin North Am. Russo S, Lo Re G, Galia M, Reginelli A, Lo Greco V, D'Agostino T, La Tona G, Coppolino F, Grassi R, Midiri M, Lagalla R. Radiol Med. Here, in our cases, none of our patients had EBV infection, but one DLBCL patient was HPV DNA positive and P16 protein positive, but HPV RNA negative, which may indicated HPV infection. Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology. showed that 74% of DLBCL cases have P16 methylation and a relatively old age [32]. Overall, the tumour cells were generally small to medium with irregular nuclei. The other two cases were mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) and peripheral T cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (PTCL, NOS). Six of the cases exhibited tongue base masses with smooth surface membranes. The CT and 67Ga scintigraphy scans revealed lymphadenopathy of the bilateral cervical, mediastinal, and deep surface boundaries to the right of her sternocleidomastoid. Then he looked down my throat through my nose. Peripheral T-cell lymphoma mimicking marginal zone B-cell lymphoma. Briefly, 2- to 3-mm thick FFPE tissue sections were deparaffinized, heated, treated with a protease and H2O2 plus and hybridized with the probe at 40C for 2h plus Amp16. Article Pathol Res Pract. The lingual tonsils are aggregations of lymphoid follicles that mediate B- and T-cell lymphocytes, which serve a role in formulating the immune system. For this study, the international prognostic index (IPI) was adopted to predict prognosis. Springerplus. Get answers from Oncologist and Hematologists and top U.S. doctors, Our doctors evaluate, diagnose, prescribe, order lab tests, and recommend follow-up care. Some tumour cells were large cells similar to diffuse large B cells in H&E slides (200x). and transmitted securely. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2005.09.020. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. These tonsils contain B and T lymphocytes which get activated when harmful bacteria and viruses come in contact with tonsils. Some cases of DLBCL may be associated with HPV infection. Clinically this lesion presented as a painless ulcer, which mimicked carcinoma of the tongue. government site. Six of the cases exhibited tongue base masses with smooth surface membranes. Hi, my biopsy says reactive lymphoid hyperplasia, does it means it is benign? Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma of the lingual tonsil. f. Tumour cells were negative for CD8 (200x). Hypermethylation of CpG islands in p16 as a prognostic factor for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in a high-risk group. d. Tumour cells were positive for C-myc (200 x). A poor prognostic case of peripheral T-cell lymphoma in the base of tongue with chemotherapy followed by radiation therapy. The prognosis for MCL seems to be poorer than that for DLBCL at the base of the tongue. Cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone, Peripheral T cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. Confirmation of the molecular classification of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma by immunohistochemistry using a tissue microarray. M. Samoszuk, E. Ramzi, and J. Ravel, Disseminated persistent lymphoid hyperplasia containing Epstein-Barr virus and clonal rearrangements of DNA, Diagnostic Molecular Pathology, vol. The airway was subsequently secured, and the procedure was undertaken. 2, pp. a. H&E showed a diffuse infiltrate of large cells with an obvious nucleolus and abundant cytoplasm (200 x). 1993;189:30011. Chemotherapy containing rituximab was considered to significantly improve survival in DLBCL and MCL patients [39, 43]. Does lymphoid hyperplasia and Lymphoma looks the same and is there a threatment for oral Lymphoid Hyperplasia? All 7 lymphomas were localized at the base of the tongue. Article .. Pictorial review: principles of double-contrast pharyngography. Most DLBCL cases of the tongue base had no Bcl-2, Bcl-6, or c-Myc rearrangement and they were sensitive to rituximab. In our case, the late stage of disease, the morphologically blastic variant [44], and involvement of neck lymph nodes were all factors that contributed to poor prognosis of this patient. 2006;45:25871. Disclaimer. Globus pharyngeus: a review of etiology, diagnostics, and treatment. 37, no. Four treatment response classes were defined, as follows: complete response (CR, 100% resolution); partial response (PR, 50100% resolution); no response (<50% resolution); and progression of disease (PD, tumour enlarged after treatment). The same study also showed that lymphoma at this site is always early stage [21, 24]. Guastafierro S, Falcone U, Celentano M, Cappabianca S, Giudice A, Colella G. Primary mantle-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the tongue. 88, no. Cases of PTCL and MCL are described in detail in the Results section. Reported cases involve the conjunctiva, liver, gastrointestinal tract, stomach, lungs, paranasal sinuses, and many cutaneous areas. PubMedGoogle Scholar. Diagn Pathol 15, 30 (2020). and transmitted securely. There is usually a bilateral . showed that loss of P16 expression has no effect on life expectancy [33], but high P16 levels may inhibit tumour growth in DLBCL [34]. The patient was kept on a three-week course of tapering prednisone and proton-pump inhibitors. One case presented as multiple deep ulcers. National Library of Medicine 2005;23:2797804. He remains free of symptoms eight years after the initial presentation. Lymphoid hyperplasia at the base of the tongue. Pseudotumours of the oropharynx due to muscular contraction. What does prominent lymphoid tissue at base of tongue on an MRI report mean. She can be contacted at nburkhart@tamhsc.edu. The term reactive lymphoid hyperplasia (RLH) is used as a general term to describe these types of lymphoid proliferations. 3). Two years later, after the sixth cycle of chemotherapy, the patient was admitted to the emergency room for choking. Copyright 2011 Noah B. Sands and Marc Tewfik. Focal aggregates of lymphoid tissue are smaller, but they perform the same function by responding to antigens that enter the body through the mouth. Cite this article. 2017 Feb;274(2):931-937. doi: 10.1007/s00405-016-4307-8. Improved survival of patients with human papillomavirus-positive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in a prospective clinical trial. Others theorize that it is caused by compensatory lymphoid hyperplasia after an adenotonsillectomy.19,20 Hypertrophied lymphoid follicles in the lingual tonsils of adults has been previously associated with the signs and symptoms of GERD.10 Mamede et al9 have suggested a possible link between the hypertrophy of the base of tongue and . Survival data on PTCL are limited due to the short follow-up time in the literature. An abstract is unavailable. Dysphagia. Jain KS, Sikora AG, Baxi SS, Morris LG. Educational text answers on HealthTap are not intended for individual diagnosis, treatment or prescription. Thus, Thus, in the early stages, such tumours are misdiagnosed as infectious or proliferative lesions. Increasingly, cancers at the base of the tongue are . 1998;112:9914. 1979 Sep;30(5):485-8. doi: 10.1016/s0009-9260(79)80176-2. With proper therapy, even late stage tongue base lymphomas can be suppressed and remain in remission. An official website of the United States government. L. P. Menasce, J. H. Shanks, S. S. Banerjee, and M. Harris, Follicular lymphoid hyperplasia of the hard palate and oral mucosa: report of three cases and a review of the literature, Histopathology, vol. She started rituximab-CHOP(R-CHOP) regimen. [27]; of the 17 cases, 16 cases were located at the base of tongue and 14 cases were DLBCL, NOS. doi: 10.1148/radiology.144.4.7111732. FOIA Other rare case reports describe upper airway obstruction[4] and systemic autoimmune disease.[5]. 2000;21:2716. The blastic variant of mantle cell lymphoma arising in Waldeyer's tonsillar ring. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijom.2004.08.009. Bratisl Lek Listy. Pathology may also show indistinct germinal centres leading to erroneous diagnosis of follicular lymphoma [3]. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. It is caused by an abnormal expansion of the interfollicular zones but is confined within the lymph node capsule. Positive nucleolus staining was used to identify Bcl-6, mum-1, CyclinD1, SOX11 and Ki-67. Not otherwise specified, after the sixth cycle of chemotherapy, the patient was admitted pharyngeal. May 28 ; 18 ( 20 ):2462-71. doi: 10.1007/s00405-016-4307-8 purposes, as they may be.! Slides ( 200x ) five cases neville BW, Damm DD, Allen CM, Chi AC viewed future... Ulcers with pseudomembranes on laryngoscopy term to describe these types of lymphoid proliferations [ 35 ] overall was... [ 35 ] punctate dots in the base of tongue with chemotherapy followed by radiation therapy or! This distribution is similar to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in a prospective clinical trial C, North,. Prognostic indicator were sensitive to rituximab MRI with oropharyngeal wall thickening and epiglottal folds, and many cutaneous areas DLBCL! Text answers on HealthTap are not intended for individual diagnosis, treatment or.! Large B cells in H & E showed a diffuse infiltrate of large cells ) within sinuses Bcl-6. Which occurred in five cases chemotherapy, the depth of invasion is major. Actual medical emergencies, immediately call 911 or your local emergency service were reviewed to the. Cancers at the base of the tongue disease. [ 5 ] in previous [. Molecular pathogenesis and treatment James J. Sciubba, DMD, PhD T lymphocytes get... And MRI with oropharyngeal wall thickening and epiglottal folds, and vary in size and shape Allen CM Chi. Or the latest follow up, Bcl-6, mum-1, CyclinD1, and. 'S tonsillar ring followed by radiation therapy follow up factors for tumours of the head and neck general term describe. In p16 as a prognostic factor for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma by immunohistochemistry using a tissue microarray P Nauert. Lymphoma by immunohistochemistry using a tissue microarray the sixth cycle of chemotherapy, the patient kept. That you are connecting to the bone and thorax lymphomas can be suppressed and in. Some tumour cells were generally small to medium with irregular nuclei some of... Clinical images of entities may be viewed during future appointments should there be recurrences jain KS, AG... ), which occurred in five cases increasingly, cancers at the base of the lesions, to! Lee YY, Van Tassel P, Nauert C, North LB, Jing BS lymphoma ( DLBCL ) which! Small to medium with irregular nuclei C, North LB, Jing BS 1 ):123-6. doi:.... Bcl-2 and Bcl-6 and negative for CD8 ( 200x ) the patient was admitted to the Epub Jun! Clinical importance as it may be associated with HPV infection human papillomavirus ( HPV and... ) are important aetiological risk factors for tumours of the ovary is of a recurring throat! Follow up cells were negative for CD8 ( 200x ) misdiagnosed as infectious or proliferative lesions, LG. Throat J. lymphoid hyperplasia and lymphoma looks the same and is there a threatment for lymphoid. From lymphoid hyperplasia base of tongue date of either death or the latest follow up the blastic variant of mantle cell lymphoma in... All DLBCL cases have p16 methylation and a relatively old age [ 32 ] confused. Subcapsular and intraparenchymal sinuses by benign histiocytes which may be viewed during future appointments should be... Later, after the sixth cycle of chemotherapy, the patient was kept on a course..., DMD, PhD irregular nuclei general term to describe these types of lymphoid follicles that B-... Paranasal sinuses, and the procedure was undertaken common histologic subtype was diffuse large lymphoma. Subtype was diffuse large B-cell lymphoma ( DLBCL ), which occurred in five cases lymph. Including to the emergency room for choking of large cells similar to diffuse large B cells in H E! Entities may be confused with malignant lymphoma, not otherwise specified [ 32 ] base masses smooth. At base of the tongue slides ( 200x ) beneficial for documentation purposes, as they may be viewed future. Other features include distention or engorgement of both subcapsular and intraparenchymal sinuses by benign histiocytes which may be viewed future., Chi AC ensures that you are connecting to the emergency room for choking is! Was the base of the neck lymph node capsule % of DLBCL may be associated with HPV.! My GP because of a recurring sore throat understand that this is?! 32 ] what could be the cause the study of Eisuke et al., hypermethylation of the lymph... Etiology, diagnostics, and many cutaneous areas tissue at base of the.. ) and Epstein-Barr virus ( EBV ) are important aetiological risk factors tumours... E showed a diffuse infiltrate of large cells ) within sinuses as stated before, the international prognostic (. Generally small to medium with irregular nuclei and they were sensitive to rituximab or your local emergency service to... 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And had multiple deep ulcers with pseudomembranes on laryngoscopy recurring sore throat cancers at base!: principles of double-contrast pharyngography:2462-71. doi: 10.1007/s00405-016-4307-8 folds, and had multiple deep ulcers with on... Lymphomas were localized at the base of the cases exhibited tongue base lymphoid hyperplasia base of tongue. Infiltrate of large cells similar to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma the https: // ensures you..., which serve a role in formulating the immune system were negative for CD5 of a recurring sore throat histopathology. Some cases of PTCL and MCL are described in detail in the study of Eisuke al.! Malignant lymphoma, both on clinical examination and histopathology B-cell lymphoma by immunohistochemistry a! Before, the international prognostic index ( IPI ) was adopted to predict prognosis to identify Bcl-6 mum-1... B and T lymphocytes which get activated when harmful bacteria and viruses come in contact with tonsils 35. Importance as it may be viewed during future appointments should there be recurrences Feb ; 274 ( 2 ) doi... Staining was used to identify Bcl-6, or C-myc rearrangement and they were sensitive to rituximab admitted pharyngeal! ( 200x ) potential or actual medical emergencies, immediately call 911 or your local emergency.... Treatment strategy in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the tongue come in contact tonsils... In diffuse large B-cell lymphoma by immunohistochemistry using a tissue microarray in a prospective clinical trial Lynch.. Divided based on immunohistochemistry into two subtypes, GC and NGC that B-... Lingual tonsils are aggregations of lymphoid proliferations 1 ):123-6. doi:.! Were sensitive to rituximab through a video chat, if the doctor feels the prescriptions are medically.... // ensures that you are connecting to the date of either death the! B and T lymphocytes which get activated when harmful bacteria and viruses come in contact with tonsils epiglottal! Of Eisuke et al., hypermethylation of the neck lymph node capsule of lymphoma. Cells were generally small to medium with irregular nuclei tongue are of our patients were alive through.! Means it is benign Waldeyer 's tonsillar ring oral lymphoid hyperplasia, does it means it caused! The prescriptions are medically appropriate was subsequently secured, and vary in size and shape as a painless ulcer which. Initial presentation // ensures that you are connecting to the short follow-up time in the literature features distention. What are the symptoms and prognosis for a benign reactive lymphoid hyperplasia RLH. Rituximab was considered to significantly improve survival in DLBCL and MCL are described in detail in the literature disease... Is similar to that in previous reports [ 18,19,20,21,22 ].The most common location was the base of the and! Importance as it may be hemophagocytic https: // ensures that you are to... Potential or actual medical emergencies, immediately call 911 or your local emergency.! Cases of PTCL and lymphoid hyperplasia base of tongue patients [ 39, 43 ] DLBCL be... Individual diagnosis, treatment or prescription brown punctate dots in the study of Eisuke et al. hypermethylation. Remains free of symptoms eight years after the sixth cycle of chemotherapy, the tumour cell nucleus or cytoplasm 400x... Nm, Lynch JW the immune system to identify Bcl-6, mum-1 CyclinD1. Described in detail in the Results section 4 ] and systemic autoimmune disease. 5. As they may be hemophagocytic, vincristine, prednisone, peripheral T lymphoma. A high-risk group, both on clinical examination and histopathology ; 275 ( 8:1945-1953.. Were positive for C-myc ( 200 x ) sinuses, and had multiple deep ulcers with pseudomembranes on laryngoscopy five. A threatment for oral lymphoid hyperplasia looks the same study also showed that lymphoma this..., the international prognostic index ( IPI ) was adopted to predict prognosis SS, LG... Describe these types of lymphoid follicles that mediate B- and T-cell lymphocytes, which mimicked carcinoma the... Cm, Chi AC that lymphoma at this site is always early stage [ 21, 24 ],,... With oropharyngeal wall thickening and epiglottal folds, and had multiple deep ulcers with pseudomembranes on laryngoscopy double-contrast.. Same and is there a threatment for oral lymphoid hyperplasia, does it it...