Now a village is pointed out beside Lake Tiberias, into which the swine rushed down headlong.11. It may have been the fishing town adjoining the larger city. 80, The Fathers of the Church (Catholic University of America Press, 1989), 226. From the northern parts of the lake the Horns of ChaTTin, the traditional Mount of Beatitudes, may be seen through the rocky jaws of the gorge. Here he feeds the 5,000 (Mt 14:14; Mk 6:33; Lk 9:11; Jn 6:5) [6] The disciples return across the Sea of Galilee (Mt 14:22; Mk 6:45), Jesus walking on the water to join them (Mt 14:25; Mk 6:48; Jn 6:19). The Moslems who took over were not sensitive to the religious importance of the site. It is almost 20 miles from Amman (Philadelphia), and 22 from Fahil (Pella). Gergesa was a small and very obscure town nearly opposite Capernaum. It is the only place fitting Matthew's description, since it contains the only "steep bank" in the area descending all the way to the shore of the lake. About 2 miles farther West are the hot springs of eT-Tabgha. David Noel Freedman, The Anchor Yale Bible Dictionary (New York: Doubleday, 1992), 991. Most of the mosaic motifs at Kursi are typical of the Byzantine period. Commentary on the Gospel according to John Books 1-10, Ed. But Gergesa, from which comes the name the Gergesenes, is an ancient city in the vicinity of the lake which is now called Tiberias. "One may call this place the ambition of nature;. Today, it is identified with El-Koursi or Kursi. Your IP: The agreement of these two favors the strict interpretation. If the waters are still, the shining splendors of the mountain may be seen mirrored in the blue depths. , Donald A. Hagner, Matthew 1-13, vol. Login & Purchase. As a result of excavations by the Israel Department of Antiquities and Museums, however, it is becoming quite clear that the eastern shore of the Sea of Galilee also played an important role in early Christian pilgrimages. It was a strong fortress (Ant., XIII, iii, 3), near the Hieromax-i.e. When they arrive on the shore he gets out and is met by two demoniacs/a guy called Legion. Click to reveal To the North of this the waters of the sea almost touch the foot of the steep slope. It throws out a rocky promontory into the sea, and beyond this are the ruins of Khan Minyeh, with `Ain et-Tineh close under the cliff. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. The mountains on the East and on the West rise to about 2,000 ft. Ewing. Even if Judas were born in Gamala, and so might properly be called a Gaulonite, he may, like others, have come to be known as belonging to the province in which his active life was spent. Luke 9:10 The apostles, when they had returned, told him what things they had done. This writer extols the productiveness of the plain. It had begun to be named from the city so recently built on its western shore even in New Testament times (John 21:1; John 6:1); and by this name, slightly modified, it is known to this day-Bachr Tabariyeh.2. If you travel with an airplane (which has average speed of 560 miles per hour) between Jerusalem to Capernaum, It takes 0.14 hours to arrive. They were both Gentile cities filled with citizens who were culturally more Greek than Semitic; this would account for the pigs in the biblical account. During the second half of the sixth century, the diaconicon was remodeled to house a baptistery. These variations caused little concern to the early Christian fathers who, in the late third century (as we know from literary sources), fixed the site of the miracle on the northeastern shore of the Sea of Galilee, at the mouth of Wadi Samak, also known as the Valley of Kursi (KOOR-see). Jerusalem: 31.7857: 35.2007: Capernaum: 32.88033: 35.573307: Distance: 126.65 km: It is applied to a district on the Northwest shore of the Sea of Galilee (Matthew 14:34 Mark 6:53), now known as el-Ghuweir, "little Ghor." From the late fifth to the early seventh centuries, all four sides of the compound had entrances. Gergesa, also Gergasa ( in Byzantine greek) or the Country of the Gergesenes, is a place on the eastern (Golan Heights) side of the Sea of Galilee located at some distance to the ancient Decapolis cities of Gadara and Gerasa. From this point the plain of Gennesaret (el-Ghuweir) sweeps round to el-Mejdel, a distance of about 4 miles. ifsi virtual learning. John 12:21 These, therefore, came to Philip, who was from Bethsaida of Galilee, and asked him, saying, "Sir, we want to see Jesus. de-kap'-o-lis (Dekapolis): The name given to the region occupied by a league of "ten cities" (Matthew 4:25 Mark 5:20; Mark 7:31), which Eusebius defines (in Onomastica) as "lying in the Peraea, round Hippos, Pella and Gadara."Such combinations of Greek cities arose as Rome assumed dominion in the East, to promote their common interests in trade and commerce, and for mutual . The Moslem conquest followed shortly thereafter in the seventh century. It maybe taken as certain that the jurisdiction of Gadara, as the chief city in these regions, extended over the country East of the Sea, including the lands of the subordinate town, GERASA (which see). Today, it is identified with El-Koursi or Kursi. Further, if the Gospel of Mark embodies the recollections of Peter, it would be difficult to find a more reliable authority for topographical details connected with the sea on which his fisher life was spent. Its fair to say this is one of the weirder gospel narratives. ge-nes'-a-ret he ge Gennesaret):1. The greatest breadth is in the North, from el-Mejdel to the mouth of Wady Semak being rather over 7 miles. Unfortunately, the most severe damage to the mosaics occurred in the nave. Gadara was the capital of Matthews country of the Gadarenes. Its just one of those things. The site became apparently known since at least the Early Muslim period as Kursya,[2] the Aramaic word for "chair", and later as Kursi, a word with the same meaning in Arabic,[3] The monks built a walled monastic complex there and made it a destination for Christian pilgrims. The triumphal arch to the South of the city is almost entire. , Which is why I dont buy McRays argument, The problem is in the similarity of spelling in Greek. [5] From Capernaum, they go off by boat with Jesus to a quiet place (Mk 6:32) near Bethsaida (Lk 9:10). However, Im not alone in thinking that this isnt the best explanation.1819 What I find a more credible suggestion is that given by Marcus in his commentary on Mark: Although Gerasa is difficult geographically, it is appropriate symbolically, since the Hebrew root gr means to banish and is a common term for exorcism.20. Reland (Pal, II, 806) notes certain extant coins of Gerasa, from which it is clear that in the 2nd century it was a center of the worship of Artemis. The miracle referred to took place, without doubt, near the town of Gergesa . Jesus is in Capernaum, he gets on a boat, sails across the Sea of Galilee, ends up in a storm, and calms the water. In the small bay nearby, we can still see the remains of a well-constructed harbor used both for sea travel and by the fishing industry during the Roman period (first to fifth centuries A.D.). If Gamala, far down the eastern shore of the sea, were in Galilee, a fortiori Bethsaida, a town which lay on the very edge of the Jordan, may be described as in Galilee.But Josephus makes it plain that Gamala, while added to his jurisdiction, was not in Galilee, but in Gaulonitis (BJ, II, xx, 6). The figure of a ship frequently appears on its coins: conclusive. It is probably represented by the modern Jedur, not far from es-Salt (Buhl, Buhl, Geographic des alten Palastina, 255; Guthe). The distance line on map shows distance from Tiberias to Capernaum between two cities. Now there is no question that Capernaum was on "the other side," nor is there any suggestion that the boat was driven out of its course; and it is quite obvious that, sailing toward Capernaum, whether at Tell Chum or at Khan Minyeh, it would never reach Bethsaida Julius. During one such storm, Jesus slept while sailing across to the Gadarenes (Mark 5:35-41; Matthew 8:23-27; Luke 8:22-24) and when he awoke the sea was suddenly becalmed. unique traits of plants, animals and humans. From Mount Tabor to Capernaum: Step 27: From Caperaum to Nain: Step 28: From Nain to the second Galilean preaching tour: Step 29: From the second Galilean preaching tour to the country of Gerasenes: Step 30: From he country of Gerasenes to Capernaum: Step 31: From Capernaum to Jerusalem: Step 32: From Jerusalem to Nazareth: Step 33 Capernaum (in the original Hebrew. The multitude following on foot along the northern shore of the lake would cross the Jordan by the ford at its mouth which is used by foot travelers to this day. Description: This city may be located at et-Tell, a ruined site on the East side of the Jordan on rising ground, fully a mile from the sea. Mention is made of the strength of the site and the mighty masonry of its walls. If you travel with an airplane (which has average speed of 560 miles per hour) between Nazareth to Capernaum, It takes 0.04 hours to arrive. Ancient scribes probably heard or saw one name in the process of copying a manuscript and thought they heard another. John R. McRay, Archaeology and the New Testament, Dictionary of New Testament Background: A Compendium of Contemporary Biblical Scholarship (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2000), 97. Like, not even the alphabet. Drains in the street reflect a high standard of living, as do the pottery and various other small finds such as coins and decorated glass vessels. (d) In support of the single-city theory it is further argued that(i) Jesus withdrew to Bethsaida as being in the jurisdiction of Philip, when he heard of the murder of John by Antipas, and would not have sought again the territories of the latter so soon after leaving them. They are closed by carved stone doors, and are used as storehouses for grain, and also as dwellings by the inhabitants. The emperor would not listen to the accusations of the inhabitants against Herod for oppressive conduct (Ant., XV, x, 2). 33A, Word Biblical Commentary (Dallas: Word, Incorporated, 1998), 226. The modern town stands at the northern corner of the plain; while at the southern end are the famous hot baths, the ancient Hammath. Luke 8:26 They arrived at the country of the Gadarenes, which is opposite Galilee. Some would identify the place with RAMOTH-GILEAD, which see.The site is now occupied by a colony of Circassians, and there is reason to fear that, unless something is done to preserve them, many valuable remains of antiquity will perish.W. He calls the inhabitants Syrians, when, at the beginning of the Jewish revolt, the district round Gerasa was laid waste. The rooms on each side of the prayer hall were used for auxiliary purposes. iv.12; St. Mark i.14; St. Luke iv.14, 15; St. John iv.43-54.) Possibly, however, the name may represent the Hebrew ganne sarim, "princely gardens." See CAPERNAUM. TIME. The demons inside the man beg to be allowed to enter a nearby herd of swine, numbering about 2,000 according to Mark. The first two are in the Authorized Version. After all its not far off 300 years after the events. 51.91.102.219 The monastery compound covers four acres and is surrounded by a well-preserved wall that was originally plastered over and decorated with an incised palm-branch motif. The remains of the monastery can be visited in the Kursi National Park. Geographically its certainly a better fit than Gerasa or Gadara. At the end of the nave is a semicircular apse. Seen from the mountains the broad sheet appears a beautiful blue; so that, in the season of greenery, it is no exaggeration to describe it as a sapphire in a setting of emerald. Giu 11, 2022 | how to calculate calories per serving in a recipe. From Jerusalem to: Bethany - 2 miles Bethlehem - 6 miles Bethphage - 1 mile Caesarea - 57 miles Caesarea Philippi - 105 miles Capernaum - 85 miles Dead Sea - 6 miles Emmaus - 16 miles Jericho - 15 miles Joppa - 35 miles Jordan River - 21 miles Mediterranean Sea - 37 miles Salim - 50 miles Samaria - 36 miles Sea of Galilee - 70 miles THE brief harvest in Samaria was, as Jesus had indicated to His disciples, in another sense also the beginning of sowing-time, or at least . Recently the German Catholics made extensive purchases, including the village of el-Mejdel. Nazareth: 32.699634: 35.303548: Capernaum: 32.88033: 35.573307: Distance: 32.24 km: On the sands along the shore from el-Mejdel to `Ain et-Tineh these shells are so numerous as to cause a white glister in the sunlight.The main formation of the surrounding district is limestone. The miracle of the swine took place during Jesus' visit to "the land of the Gadarenes," "the land of the Gerasenes," or "the land of the Gergesenes.". The distance line on map shows distance from Cana to Capernaum between two cities. The ruins of the town are not considerable; but there are remains of a strong wall which must have surrounded the place. If you travel with an airplane (which has average speed of 560 miles per hour) between Tyre to Capernaum, It takes 0.06 hours to arrive. App., 11).)2. Helmut Koester, Hermeneiaa Critical and Historical Commentary on the Bible (Minneapolis, MN: Augsburg, 2001), 23. The names of many ancient places have been lost, and others have strayed from their original localities. Every effort has been made to accurately determine the rights status of works and their images. Tiberias: 32.795858: 35.530975: Capernaum: 32.88033: 35.573307: Distance: 10.19 km: Northward the plain widens into the marshy breadths of el-BaTeichah, and once more we reach the Jordan, flowing smoothly through the fiat lands to the sea.3. , Joel Marcus, Mark 18: A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary, vol. gad'-a-ra (Gadara): 1. Capernaum area. On the second occasion the wind blew from the East, and the phenomena described above were practically repeated.4. 4:1-34. In any event, the "country of the Gergesenes/Gadarenes/Gerasenes" in the New Testament Gospels refers to some location on the eastern shore of the Sea of Galilee. Here the mountains recede from the shore, leaving a crescent-shaped plain, largely covered with the ruins of the ancient city. Its interesting then that Matthew locates the pigs not on the hillside from where they could have rushed down the steep bank into the sea. Distance between Haifa and Capernaum (51,83 km.) There are several actions that could trigger this block including submitting a certain word or phrase, a SQL command or malformed data. (ii) Medieval works of travel notice only one Bethsaida. For if the mighty works had been done in Tyre and Sidon which were done in you, they would have repented long ago, sitting in sackcloth and ashes. Nearly opposite Tiberias is the stronghold of Chal`-at el Chocn, possibly the ancient Hippos, with the village of Fik, the ancient Aphek, on the height to the East. So, Im kinda dependent on lexicons to tell me whats what. The sultan of Damascus is said to have fortified it; but there is nothing to show that the Moslems occupied it for any length of time. We discovered these images when we lifted the columns and reopened the blocked doorways. The distance is about 19 miles from the river. GERASA, GERASENES ( , ). The warm water from copious springs runs into a little bay of the sea in which fishes congregate in great numbers. These things, together with the frequent, and sometimes terribly destructive, earthquakes, sufficiently attest the volcanic character of the region. Many are the ruins of great and splendid cities on slope and height of which almost nothing is known today. Galilee is one of the USA city. , Johannes P. Louw and Eugene Albert Nida, Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament: Based on Semantic Domains (New York: United Bible Societies, 1996), 716. (b) To go to the other side-eis to peran (Mark 6:45)-does not of necessity imply passing from the East to the West coast of the lake, since Josephus uses the verb diaperaioo of a passage from Tiberias to Tarichea (Vita, 59). [10] Josephus names it as marking the eastern limit of Peraea (BJ, III, iii, 3). Frost is not quite unknown; but no one now alive remembers it to have done more than lay the most delicate fringe of ice around some of the stones on the shore. It was largely overgrown with thorn-bushes, and it yielded one of the finest crops of thistles in the country. The place might therefore be called with propriety, either "land of the Gerasenes," with reference to the local center, or "land of the Gadarenes," with reference to the superior city. Based on the archaeological evidence, the history of the site may be summarized as follows: The monastery compound with the large church, as well as the tower and the chapel of the miracle, were built in the late fifth or early sixth century. Thats a pretty early source, and hes appealing to an earlier tradition (from which they point out) but whether the entry really reflects ancient tradition is hard to know. John, writing after 84 A.D., would hardly have used the phrase "Bethsaida of Galilee" of a place only recently attached to that province, writing, as he was, at a distance from the scene, and recalling the former familiar conditions. Colorful mosaics, covering about 8,600 square feet, originally paved the entire church. In 1970, while clearing land for a new road to the Golan Heights, a bulldozer operated by the Ministry of Public Works turned up large quantities of Byzantine pottery and then began to unearth the ruins of ancient structures. But as we have seen above, the "want of precision" must also be attributed to the writer of John 6:17. Occasionally, however, tempests break over the lake, in which a boat could hardly live. On the rocky promontory, however, East of Khan Minyeh we find Sheikh `Aly ec-Caiyadin, "Sheikh Aly of the Fishermen," as the name of a ruined weley, in which the second element in the name Bethsaida is represented. If you know the geography of the Sea of Galilee at all, its almost entirely surrounded by hills, some of them pretty steep. A friend recently asked about the geographical problem of Mark 5 so I thought Id write up some thoughts on the topic. The abundance of fish at each place furnished a good reason for the recurrence of the name.W. Modern methods of agriculture are being employed in the Jewish colonies, which are rapidly increasing in number. The city of Gadara is represented today by the ruins of Umm Qeis on the heights south of el-Chummeh-the hot springs in the Yarmuk valley-about 6 miles Southeast of the Sea of Galilee. The absence of any name resembling Bethsaida need not concern us.Were There Two Bethsaidas? With these, however, the Gerasenes dealt mercifully, letting such as wished go free, and escorting them to the border (BJ, II, xviii, 1, 5). This is true even today. In the northern part of the enclosure, we excavated the remains of the residential quarters of the monastery compound. Or something. The Name:This is the name 5 times given in the New Testament (Matthew 4:18; Matthew 15:29 Mark 1:16; Mark 7:31 John 6:1) to the sheet of water which is elsewhere called "the sea of Tiberias" (John 21:1; compare John 6:1); "the lake of Gennesaret" (Luke 5:1); "the sea" (John 6:16, etc. (St. Matt. MATTHEW. A Christian laymans perspective on the intersection between archaeology, historical criticism, text, and faith. According to Luke 3:23, Jesus was about thirty years old (quite old in those days) when he began his ministry. Lucius Annius, at the instance of Vespasian, sacked and burned the city, with much slaughter (BJ, IV, ix, 1). 6.211. The pigs would still have had to have been long distance runners not the picture painted for us in Mark or Luke where the herd is on the hillside close to the water. LUKE. The substitution of sin for cad is easy: but the insertion of the guttural `ain is impossible. It lay near the place where the Jordan enters the Sea of Gennesaret (Ant., XVIII, ii, 1; BJ, II, ix, 1; III, x, 7; Vita, 72). This has therefore always been a favorite haunt of fishermen. Judas of Gamala (Ant., XVIII, i, l) is also called Judas of Galilee (ibid., i, 6). And that doesnt fit the description were given of the stampede at all. Only the mosaic in the baptistery can be dated with certainty. Ewing. This tell is crowned by an ancient Canaanite settlement. It was located on the shore of the Sea of Galilee, whereas Gerasa and Gadara were several kilometers south-east of it. This street was over 25 feet wide and was paved with carefully cut, black basalt stones. If freedom and security be enjoyed in reasonable measure, the region will again display its long-hidden treasures of fertility and beauty.W. The soil is deep, rich loam, of amazing fertility. Unless they had moved their residence from Bethsaida to Capernaum, of which there is no record, and which for fishermen was unlikely, Bethsaida must have lain close to Capernaum. Cana: 32.744999: 35.339758: Capernaum: 32.88033: 35.573307: Distance: 26.51 km: If we accept Marcan Priority (which we do around here) then weve got Mark writing country of the Gerasenes, Luke following him faithfully, but Matthew deliberately changing Gerasenes to Gadarenes in his version of events. Gergesenes means "those who come from pilgrimage or fight.". distance from capernaum to gerasenes. Around 150 years later Origen comes along, and, knowing that Matthews attempted fix isnt watertight, relocates the event to Gergasa based on what is probably an ancient tradition. Gerasa, one of the cities of Decapolis and the capital of the country of the Gerasenes, lay around 37 miles/60 kilometres away from the Sea of Galilee in what is today the city of Jerash in Jordan.3The country of the Gerasenes did not reach the Sea of Galilee (an important point that we'll get to in a bit). The gospels. (BJ, I, iv, 8). ton Gergesenon, "of the Gergesenes," must be rejected (Westcott-Hort, II. This is doubtless to be identified with the village of Bethsaida in Lower Gaulonitis which the Tetrarch Philip raised to the rank of a city, and called Julias, in honor of Julia, the daughter of Augustus. Smooth plaster covered the rock walls of the apse. (Ant., XVII, xi, 4; BJ, II, vi, 3). , Amanda Witmer, Jesus, the Galilean Exorcist: His Exorcisms in Social and Political Context, ed. It was taken by Antiochus the Great when in 218 B.C. 6.211. , Barclay Moon Newman and Philip C. Stine, A Handbook on the Gospel of Matthew, UBS Handbook Series (New York: United Bible Societies, 1992), 248. In one area we uncovered two large buildings with a street running between them. All Im able to say with any confidence is that Matthew felt compelled to change the location of the pigs. The at some distance is a bit fluffy in the english it could mean anywhere from not far to miles away. There he meets a man seized with an unclean spirit (Mark) or with demons (Luke). Did he just take a stab at a location that seemed possible based on what hed heard somewhere? (NOTE.-The Textus Receptus of the New Testament reading. Its geography is very steep, it is close to the shore of the lake, and it is kinda across the lake from Capernaum. William of Tyre calls the city Jarras, and places it 16 miles East of Jordan (Hist, xii, 16). He could have followed Mark, but he chose to do something else.9 It seems reasonable to this layman to suggest that maybe Matthew relocated the herd because he knew enough of the geography to say that if this event took place in the country of the Gadarenes the herd couldnt be both on a hillside and close to the shore Gadara was around 5 or 6 miles away from the shore, and the hills that lead from Gadara to the lake are very close to Gadara and a number of miles from the lake. ), and "the lake" (Luke 5:1, etc.). See CAPERNAUM. Among the variants are the Land of Gadarenes, the Land of Gergesenes, the Land of Gerasenes and the Land of Gergustenes. Christian artifacts from Kursi can be viewed at the Golan Archaeological Museum. This seems to be the fountain called "Capharnaum" by Josephus (BJ, III, x, 8). In the South it is watered by the stream from Wady el-Chamam, the gorge that opens to the West of el-Mejdel.2. gad'-a-ra (Gadara):1. Round the greater part of the lake there is a broad pebbly beach, with a sprinkling of small shells. Scholarship seems to be split on whether Gergasa/Kursi is a viable option or not: But, whats the historical value of Eusebius claim? In the side aisles were images of birds and other animals, but in the eighth century, after the church had been abandoned by Christians, Moslem iconoclasts systematically and intentionally destroyed these images in accordance with the Islamic prohibition against human or animal representations. Josephus gives Pella as the northern boundary of Peraea (BJ, III, iii, 3). Why would Matthew do that? It became the seat of a bishopric, and one of its bishops attended the Council of Chalcedon. A few birds escaped the iconoclasts blows, however, because they lay under fallen columns or under entranceways that had been blocked, and therefore had avoided notice.
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